Table 3

Adjusted ORs of polypharmacy from multivariable logistic regression model

	OR	P value	95% CI
Payment method
Full OOP payment	1.00
Medical card	2.65	<0.001	2.13 to 3.28
Drugs payment scheme	3.83	<0.001	2.96 to 4.95
Private health insurance	0.82	0.568	0.42 to 1.62
Long-term illness scheme	4.24	<0.001	3.06 to 5.87
Age	1.07	<0.001	1.06 to 1.09
Sex
Male	1.00
Female	1.01	0.907	0.87 to 1.17
Education
Primary	1.00
Secondary	0.81	0.017	0.68 to 0.96
Third level/higher	0.88	0.208	0.73 to 1.07
Employment
Employed	1.00
Retired	1.31	0.015	1.05 to 1.63
Other	1.68	<0.001	1.33 to 2.12
Smoking status
Non-smoker	1.00
Smoker	1.03	0.786	0.83 to 1.28
Obesity status
Not obese	1.00
Obese	1.56	<0.001	1.33 to 1.84
Self-rated health
Excellent	1.00
Very good	1.08	0.595	0.82 to 1.46
Good	1.80	<0.001	1.35 to 2.40
Fair	2.68	<0.001	1.95 to 3.67
Poor	3.87	<0.001	2.48 to 6.04
Chronic illness
One or more chronic illnesses	1.00
No chronic illness	0.34	<0.001	0.30 to 0.40
GP visits in the last year
None	1.00
1–4	2.08	0.001	1.37 to 3.16
5–9	2.54	<0.001	1.63 to 3.93
10–14	4.12	<0.001	2.58 to 6.57
15+	4.20	<0.001	2.32 to 7.63
OPD visits in the last year
None	1.00
1	1.27	0.012	1.05 to 1.54
2+	1.77	<0.001	1.50 to 2.09
n	6042
LR χ² (df)	1999 (23)
Pseudo-R²	0.2901