Characteristics of included studies
| Study characteristics | RCT | Observational studies |
| Number of studies* | N=231 | |
| RCTs | 212 | ~ |
| Crossover | 14 | ~ |
| Open-label† | 12 | ~ |
| Withdrawal | 2 | ~ |
| Observational | ~ | 19 |
| Case–control | ~ | 1 |
| Cross-sectional | ~ | 1 |
| Cohort | ~ | 15 |
| Self-controlled case series | ~ | 2 |
| Year of publication | ||
| 1980–1990 | 0 | 0 |
| 1991–2000 | 18 | 1 |
| 2001–2010 | 77 | 3 |
| 2011–2018 | 117 | 15 |
| Geographic region | ||
| Africa | 1 | 0 |
| Asia | 20 | 5 |
| Australia/New Zealand | 3 | 0 |
| Europe | 52 | 7 |
| Multi-continent | 103 | 0 |
| North America | 28 | 7 |
| South America | 0 | 0 |
| Not reported | 5 | 0 |
| Setting | ||
| Single centre | 13 | 3 |
| Multicentre (one country) | 46 | 3 |
| Multicentre (multi-country) | 129 | 0 |
| Multicentre (unknown) | 3 | 0 |
| Not reported | 21 | 1 |
| Database | 0 | 11 |
| Duration of treatment/follow-up | ||
| 0–≤6 weeks | 27 | 1 |
| >6–≤12 weeks | 67 | 1 |
| >12–≤24 weeks | 29 | 2 |
| >24–≤48 weeks | 38 | 1 |
| >48–≤72 weeks | 39 | 9 |
| >72–≤96 weeks | 1 | 0 |
| >96–≤120 weeks | 2 | 0 |
| >120 weeks | 8 | 3 |
| Event-driven | 1 | 1 |
| Not reported/cross-sectional | 0 | 1 |
*From 218 publications, multiple studies, including extensions, may be reported in a single publication.
†At least one intervention or control was open-label.
RCT, randomised controlled trial.