Summary of HAV detection and environmental samples concentration techniques used for each included study
| Study | Concentration method | Detection method |
| Jebri et al,32 2012, Elamri et al,40 2006, Umesha et al,50 2007, Kiulia et al,31 2009, Mouna et al,55 2010, Be’ji-Hamza et al,36 2014, Amri et al,37 2009, Amdiouni et al,41 2017, Venter et al,21 2007, Saïd et al,19 2014, Rachida et al,25 2016, Ouardani et al,33 2016, Osuolale et al,26 2016, Katukiza et al,30 2013. | Protein precipitation with PEG | RT-PCR |
| Guerrero et al,43 2011, Khelifi et al,39 2006, Phanuwan et al,51 2006, O’Brien et al,29 2017, Khelifi et al,35 2011, Bai et al,54 2019, Ahmad et al,45 2016, Ahmad et al,46 2015, Ahmad et al,44 2018, Adefisoye et al,27 2015, Chigor et al,20 2012, Ouardani et al,34 2015. | Elution-based protocol | RT-PCR |
| Nenonen et al,28 2006. | Direct nucleic acid extraction | RT-PCR |
| Arankalle et al,49 2006, Chobe et al,48 2009. | Not concentrated | RT-PCR |
| Khan et al,47 2014, Chitambar et al,53 2007, Osuolale et al,26 2016. | Not reported | RT-PCR |
HAV, hepatitis A virus; PEG, polyethylene glycol; RT-PCR, real-time PCR.