Crude and multivariate analyses of the association between cervical human papillomavirus (HPV) infection and selected subjects’ characteristics (n=6010 women)
| Study sample characteristics | Number of HPV positive women / number of HPV tested women | HPV prevalence (%) | Basic model* POR (95% CI) | Adjusted model† POR (95% CI) |
| Population | ||||
| Gran Canaria | 501/3847 | 13.0 | 1.0 (ref) | 1.0 (ref) |
| Tenerife | 319/2163 | 14.7 | 1.1 (0.98 to 1.3) | 1.0 (0.8 to 1.1) |
| Country of birth | ||||
| Spain | 711/5331 | 13.3 | 1.0 (ref) | 1.0 (ref) |
| Europe (excluding Spain) | 17/109 | 15.6 | 1.3 (0.8 to 2.2) | 0.8 (0.5 to 1.5) |
| Africa | 8/33 | 24.2 | 2.7 (1.2 to 6.0) | 2.3 (0.99 to 5.4) |
| Latin America and Caribbean | 51/309 | 16.5 | 1.3 (0.9 to 1.8) | 1.2 (0.8 to 1.7) |
| Asia and Oceania | 2/29 | 6.9 | 0.6 (0.1 to 2.5) | 0.8 (0.2 to 3.5) |
| Missing data | 31/199 | – | – | – |
| Outside Spain (include all countries) | 78/480 | 16.3 | 1.3 (1.0 to 1.7) | 1.1 (0.9 to 1.5) |
| Age distribution (years) | ||||
| 18–24 | 151/565 | 26.7 | 3.8 (2.6 to 5.4) | 2.1 (1.3 to 3.2) |
| 25–29 | 145/655 | 22.1 | 3.0 (2.1 to 4.2) | 1.6 (1.0 to 2.4) |
| 30–34 | 161/894 | 18.0 | 2.3 (1.6 to 3.4) | 1.3 (0.9 to 2.0) |
| 35–39 | 96/890 | 10.8 | 1.3 (0.9 to 1.8) | 0.8 (0.5 to 1.2) |
| 40–44 | 79/783 | 10.1 | 1.2 (0.8 to 1.7) | 0.8 (0.5 to 1.2) |
| 45–49 | 59/622 | 9.5 | 1.1 (0.7 to 1.7) | 0.7 (0.5 to 1.1) |
| 50–54 | 43/607 | 7.1 | 0.8 (0.5 to 1.2) | 0.6 (0.4 to 0.9) |
| 55–59 | 42/495 | 8.5 | 1.0 (0.6 to 1.5) | 0.8 (0.5 to 1.3) |
| 60–65 | 44/499 | 8.8 | 1.0 (ref) | 1.0 (ref) |
| P value for trend | P<0.001 | P<0.001 | ||
| Level of education | ||||
| None / Preschool | 40/449 | 8.9 | 1.0 (ref) | 1.0 (ref) |
| Primary | 307/2649 | 11.6 | 1.0 (0.7 to 1.5) | 1.0 (0.7 to 1.4) |
| Secondary | 241/1477 | 16.3 | 1.1 (0.8 to 1.6) | 0.9 (0.6 to 1.3) |
| University or higher | 213/1331 | 16.0 | 1.2 (0.8 to 1.7) | 0.9 (0.6 to 1.4) |
| Others | 18/95 | 18.9 | 1.2 (0.6 to 2.2) | 1.1 (0.5 to 2.0) |
| Missing data | 1/9 | – | – | – |
| P value for trend (excluding others) | P=0.2 | P=0.5 | ||
| Marital status | ||||
| Single | 329/1379 | 23.9 | 2.0 (1.6 to 2.4) | 1.5 (1.2 to 1.9) |
| Married/de facto partnership | 347/3872 | 9.0 | 1.0 (ref) | 1.0 (ref) |
| Divorced/separated | 118/560 | 21.1 | 3.0 (2.4 to 3.8) | 1.8 (1.4 to 2.4) |
| Widowed | 25/191 | 13.1 | 2.1 (1.3 to 3.2) | 1.7 (1.0 to 2.6) |
| Missing data | 1/8 | – | – | – |
| Number of live births | ||||
| No‡ | 279/1346 | 20.7 | 1.0 (ref) | 1.0 (ref) |
| 1 | 157/1222 | 12.8 | 0.8 (0.6 to 0.9) | 0.8 (0.6 to 1.1) |
| 2 | 171/1760 | 9.7 | 0.7 (0.6 to 0.9) | 1.0 (0.7 to 1.3) |
| 3 | 80/781 | 10.2 | 0.9 (0.6 to 1.2) | 1.2 (0.8 to 1.7) |
| ≥4 | 37/458 | 8.1 | 0.7 (0.5 to 1.1) | 0.9 (0.6 to 1.4) |
| Missing data | 96/443 | – | – | – |
| Smoking status | ||||
| Never smoked | 376/3402 | 11.1 | 1.0 (ref) | 1.0 (ref) |
| Ex smoker | 126/900 | 14.0 | 1.4 (1.1 to 1.7) | 1.2 (0.9 to 1.5) |
| Current smoker | 318/1708 | 18.6 | 1.7 (1.5 to 2.1) | 1.2 (1.0 to 1.5) |
| Age at first sexual intercourse (years) | ||||
| <15 | 40/184 | 21.7 | 1.5 (0.95 to 2.5) | 0.7 (0.4 to 1.2) |
| 15–16 | 166/817 | 20.3 | 1.4 (0.99 to 2.1) | 0.8 (0.5 to 1.2) |
| 17–18 | 273/1835 | 14.9 | 1.1 (0.8 to 1.6) | 0.7 (0.5 to 1.1) |
| 19–20 | 143/1266 | 11.3 | 0.9 (0.7 to 1.3) | 0.7 (0.5 to 1.1) |
| 21–25 | 146/1402 | 10.4 | 1.0 (0.7 to 1.4) | 0.9 (0.6 to 1.3) |
| >25 | 45/437 | 10.3 | 1.0 (ref) | 1.0 (ref) |
| Missing data | 7/69 | – | – | – |
| P value for trend | P=0.001 | P=0.3 | ||
| Lifetime number of sexual partners | ||||
| 1 | 214/3189 | 6.7 | 1.0 (ref) | 1.0 (ref) |
| 2–3 | 274/1545 | 17.7 | 2.7 (2.2 to 3.3) | 2.3 (1.9 to 2.8) |
| 4–5 | 141/613 | 23.0 | 3.6 (2.8 to 4.6) | 2.8 (2.2 to 3.6) |
| 6–10 | 119/395 | 30.1 | 5.3 (4.0 to 6.9) | 3.9 (2.9 to 5.2) |
| 11–20 | 41/126 | 32.5 | 5.9 (3.9 to 8.8) | 4.2 (2.8 to 6.5) |
| >20 | 18/49 | 36.7 | 8.1 (4.4 to 14.8) | 6.2 (3.3 to 11.5) |
| Missing data | 13/93 | – | – | – |
| P value for trend | P<0.001 | P<0.001 | ||
| Use of oral contraceptives | ||||
| Never | 164/1404 | 11.7 | 1.0 (ref) | 1.0 (ref) |
| Ever | 656/4606 | 14.2 | 1.2 (1.0 to 1.5) | 1.1 (0.9 to 1.4) |
| Rhythm method/coitus interruptus | ||||
| Never | 381/2998 | 12.7 | 1.0 (ref) | 1.0 (ref) |
| Ever | 439/3012 | 14.6 | 1.3 (1.1 to 1.5) | 1.2 (1.0 to 1.4) |
| Previous cervical lesions | ||||
| No | 645/4986 | 12.9 | 1.0 (ref) | 1.0 (ref) |
| Yes | 84/378 | 22.2 | 2.1 (1.6 to 2.7) | 1.6 (1.2 to 2.1) |
| Missing data§ | 91/646 | – | – | – |
| Genital warts | ||||
| Never | 783/5894 | 13.3 | 1.0 (ref) | 1.0 (ref) |
| Ever | 37/116 | 31.9 | 2.8 (1.8 to 4.2) | 1.7 (1.1 to 2.6) |
Bold is used to highlight the three main groups of determinations: single, multiple and untyped.
*Basic model: adjusted for age group (18–24, 25–34, 35–44, 45–54, 55–65 years) and population (Gran Canaria, Tenerife).
†Adjusted model: adjusted for age group, population, level of education, marital status, smoking habits, lifetime number of sexual partners, previous cervical lesions, ever use of rhythm method and ever had genital warts.
‡Includes women who were pregnant but had 0 live births.
§Includes ‘Do not know’ in the ‘Missing data’ category.
POR, prevalence odds ratio.