5-year multimorbidity*, 1999–2004 OR (95% CI) | P value | 10-year multimorbidity*, 1999–2009 OR (95% CI) | P value | |
Model 1 | ||||
Male sex | 1.49 (1.34 to 1.67) | <0.001 | 1.56 (1.44 to 1.69) | <0.001 |
Age per 10 years | 2.27 (2.13 to 2.44) | <0.001 | 2.34 (2.23 to 2.46) | <0.001 |
Manual social class | 1.20 (1.07 to 1.35) | 0.002 | 1.22 (1.12 to 1.33) | <0.001 |
Lower education level | 1.15 (1.02 to 1.30) | 0.023 | 1.19 (1.09 to 1.30) | <0.001 |
Model 2 | ||||
Male sex | 1.39 (1.24 to 1.56) | <0.001 | 1.47 (1.35 to 1.60) | <0.001 |
Age per 10 years | 2.11 (1.97 to 2.26) | <0.001 | 2.21 (2.10 to 2.32) | <0.001 |
Manual social class | 1.22 (1.08 to 1.37) | 0.001 | 1.23 (1.13 to 1.34) | <0.001 |
Lower education level | 1.13 (1.00 to 1.28) | 0.053 | 1.17 (1.07 to 1.28) | <0.001 |
Prevalent CVD | 2.23 (1.85 to 2.68) | <0.001 | 2.25 (1.93 to 2.60) | <0.001 |
Prevalent cancer | 2.11 (1.75 to 2.54) | <0.001 | 1.92 (1.65 to 2.22) | <0.001 |
Prevalent diabetes | 4.41 (3.55 to 5.45) | <0.001 | 4.32 (3.57 to 5.21) | <0.001 |
Model 3 | ||||
Male sex | 1.24 (1.07 to 1.42) | 0.003 | 1.33 (1.20 to 1.47) | <0.001 |
Age per 10 years | 2.16 (1.99 to 2.34) | <0.001 | 2.29 (2.16 to 2.43) | <0.001 |
Manual social class | 1.09 (0.95 to 1.25) | 0.214 | 1.17 (1.06 to 1.29) | 0.002 |
Lower education level | 1.06 (0.92 to 1.21) | 0.447 | 1.08 (0.98 to 1.20) | 0.112 |
Current smoker | 1.71 (1.42 to 2.05) | <0.001 | 1.73 (1.51 to 1.98) | <0.001 |
BMI >30 kg/m² | 1.32 (1.12 to 1.56) | <0.001 | 1.45 (1.28 to 1.63) | <0.001 |
Alcohol intake, units per week | 1.00 (0.99 to 1.01) | 0.872 | 1.00 (1.00 to 1.01) | 0.666 |
Physically inactive | 1.26 (1.10 to 1.44) | <0.001 | 1.15 (1.04 to 1.26) | 0.006 |
Plasma vitamin C per SD | 0.81 (0.75 to 0.86) | <0.001 | 0.84 (0.80 to 0.88) | <0.001 |
Prevalent CVD | 2.02 (1.63 to 2.49) | <0.001 | 2.17 (1.84 to 2.57) | <0.001 |
Prevalent cancer | 2.22 (1.79 to 2.72) | <0.001 | 2.06 (1.74 to 2.43) | <0.001 |
Prevalent diabetes | 3.53 (2.73 to 4.52) | <0.001 | 3.54 (2.85 to 4.39) | <0.001 |
Model 4 | ||||
Male sex | 1.23 (1.07 to 1.43) | 0.005 | 1.32 (1.19 to 1.47) | <0.001 |
Age per 10 years | 2.08 (1.91 to 2.27) | <0.001 | 2.19 (2.06 to 2.33) | <0.001 |
Manual social class | 1.09 (0.95 to 1.25) | 0.235 | 1.16 (1.05 to 1.28) | 0.004 |
Lower education level | 1.06 (0.92 to 1.22) | 0.420 | 1.09 (0.99 to 1.21) | 0.091 |
Current smoker | 1.72 (1.43 to 2.07) | <0.001 | 1.74 (1.52 to 2.00) | <0.001 |
BMI >30 kg/m² | 1.31 (1.11 to 1.54) | 0.001 | 1.40 (1.24 to 1.58) | <0.001 |
Alcohol intake, units per week | 1.00 (0.99 to 1.01) | 0.878 | 1.00 (1.00 to 1.01) | 0.800 |
Physically inactive | 1.25 (1.09 to 1.43) | 0.001 | 1.14 (1.04 to 1.26) | 0.008 |
Plasma vitamin C per SD | 0.81 (0.76 to 0.87) | <0.001 | 0.85 (0.81 to 0.89) | <0.001 |
Systolic blood pressure per SD | 1.10 (1.03 to 1.17) | 0.005 | 1.12 (1.07 to 1.18) | <0.001 |
Total cholesterol per SD | 0.99 (0.92 to 1.05) | 0.690 | 0.99 (0.94 to 1.04) | 0.614 |
Prevalent CVD | 2.06 (1.66 to 2.54) | <0.001 | 2.22 (1.87 to 2.62) | <0.001 |
Prevalent cancer | 2.23 (1.80 to 2.75) | <0.001 | 2.05 (1.73 to 2.42) | <0.001 |
Prevalent diabetes | 3.42 (2.64 to 4.39) | <0.001 | 3.41 (2.74 to 4.24) | <0.001 |
*Charlson Comorbidity Index ≥3 vs Charlson Comorbidity Index ≤2 or no hospital admission.
BMI, body mass index; CVD, cardiovascular disease.