Table 2

Overview of the critical appraisal

Research paradigm	Main issues	References
Qualitative	Lack of description of the relationship between the researcher and participant	33 36 39
Qualitative	No consideration of ethical issues	33
Quantitative	Inadequate sampling strategy to address the research questions	31 38
	Non-representative sample/inadequate sampling	35 38
	Low response rates (below 60%)	34 35 38
	Assessments not standardised or validated	34 37
Systematic review	Undifferentiated approach to study designs	28
Mixed methods	No discussion of the limitations associated with research methods in a triangulation design	23 25–27 32
Qualitative	No consideration of how findings related to the context	32
Qualitative	Lack of description of the relationship between the researcher and participant	23 25–27 32
Quantitative	Inadequate sampling strategy to address the research questions	25 32
	Non-representative sample/inadequate sampling	26 32
	Assessments not standardised or validated	25
	Low response rates (below 60%)	23