Prevalence of illicit substances and psychoactive medication among all admitted patients in Oslo
| Cut-off (nmol/L) | Mean concentration (nmol/L) | Number of positive samples | Per cent | |
| Illicit | 167 | 6.4 | ||
| Amphetamines | 55 | 2.1 | ||
| Amphetamine | 200 | 1696 | 21 | 0.8 |
| Methamphetamine | 200 | 1859 | 45 | 1.7 |
| Cocaine* | 30 | 1.2 | ||
| Benzoylecgonine | 10 | 1587 | 22 | 0.8 |
| Cocaine | 0.6 | 242 | 26 | 1.0 |
| Heroin | M/C>1 | 24 | 0.9 | |
| MDMA ecstasy | 200 | 1063 | 4 | 0.2 |
| THC | 2 | 15 | 97 | 3.7 |
| Medicinal | 843 | 32.3 | ||
| Alprazolam | 1 | 40 | 19 | 0.7 |
| Buprenorphine | 4 | 10 | 7 | 0.3 |
| Clonazepam | 0.4 | 127 | 98 | 3.8 |
| Codeine | 3 | 167 | 181 | 6.9 |
| Diazepam | 20 | 402 | 251 | 9.6 |
| Flunitrazepam | 0.5 | 5 | 6 | 0.2 |
| Methadone | 20 | 1142 | 46 | 1.8 |
| Morphine | 3 | 90 | 107 | 4.1 |
| Nitrazepam | 5 | 139 | 93 | 3.6 |
| Oxycodone | 5 | 193 | 91 | 3.5 |
| Oxazepam | 50 | 822 | 215 | 8.2 |
| Tramadol | 20 | 743 | 121 | 4.6 |
| Zolpidem | 70 | 406 | 32 | 1.2 |
| Zopiclone | 20 | 57 | 139 | 5.3 |
| Z-hypnotics | 171 | 6.6 | ||
| Benzodiazepines | 482 | 18.5 | ||
| Opioids | 507 | 19.5 | ||
| Alcohol† | 94 | 3.6 | ||
| Medicinal and/or illicit | 900 | 34.5 |
*Cocaine-positive is defined as a sample positive for either cocaine or benzoylecgonine. Because the recovery of benzoylecgonine is very low using SLE extraction, a patient may be positive for cocaine, but negative for benzoylecgonine.
†Alcohol-positive is defined as blood alcohol content >0.1 g/kg.
M/C, morphine/codeine ratio ; MDMA, 3,4-Methylenedioxymethamphetamine; SLE, supported liquid extraction; THC, tetrahydrocannabinol.