Univariate analysis | Multivariate analysis | |||||
OR | 95% CI | P value | OR | 95% CI | P value | |
Age, years | ||||||
20–39 | 1.00 | (ref) | 1.00 | (ref) | ||
40–59 | 3.86 | 1.14 to 13.06 | 0.030 | 2.33 | 0.64 to 8.54 | 0.202 |
≥60 | 3.46 | 1.01 to 11.82 | 0.048 | 3.76 | 0.97 to 14.7 | 0.056 |
Male gender | 1.22 | 0.81 to 1.83 | 0.340 | 0.81 | 0.43 to 1.50 | 0.498 |
Smoking exposure, pack-years | ||||||
0 | 1.00 | (ref) | 1.00 | (ref) | ||
1–19 | 1.01 | 0.68 to 1.49 | 0.980 | 0.92 | 0.55 to 1.56 | 0.761 |
≥20 | 2.01 | 1.32 to 3.06 | 0.001 | 1.91 | 1.10 to 3.32 | 0.022 |
BMI†, kg/m2 | ||||||
<18.5 | 1.05 | 0.19 to 5.85 | 0.952 | 0.54 | 0.79 to 3.67 | 0.527 |
18.5–24.9 | 1.00 | (ref) | 1.00 | (ref) | ||
≥25.0 | 0.87 | 0.63 to 1.22 | 0.431 | 1.09 | 0.75 to 1.58 | 0.664 |
Exposure duration, years | ||||||
0–15 | 1.00 | (ref) | 1.00 | (ref) | ||
16–30 | 1.25 | 0.86 to 1.82 | 0.233 | 0.78 | 0.51 to 1.19 | 0.246 |
31–45 | 1.48 | 0.81 to 2.71 | 0.207 | 1.28 | 0.62 to 2.64 | 0.503 |
Exposure type | ||||||
Asbestos | 1.00 | (ref) | 1.00 | (ref) | ||
Silica | 2.48 | 1.44 to 4.25 | 0.001 | 2.42 | 1.28 to 4.59 | 0.007 |
Coal | 2.86 | 1.70 to 4.79 | <0.001 | 3.19 | 1.57 to 6.49 | 0.001 |
Other dust | 1.05 | 0.50 to 2.19 | 0.895 | 1.89 | 0.80 to 4.46 | 0.147 |
Stage of pneumoconiosis | ||||||
Ⅰ/Ⅱ | 1.00 | (ref) | 1.00 | (ref) | ||
Ⅲ | 5.05 | 3.44 to 7.41 | <0.001 | 4.85 | 3.18 to 7.42 | <0.001 |
BDT | ||||||
Negative | 1.00 | (ref) | 1.00 | (ref) | ||
Positive | 2.07 | 0.76 to 5.61 | 0.153 | 2.17 | 0.67 to 7.01 | 0.197 |
*The patients with BMI <18.5 kg/m2 means under weight, 18.5 to 24.9 kg/m2 means normal range and ≥25.0 kg/m2 means overweight and obese.
†All variables in the table were included in the multivariate model, while adjusting for age, sex, BMI, exposure duration and BDT.
BDT, bronchial dilation test; BMI, body mass index; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; ; ref, reference.