Table 3

Primary and secondary outcomes

OutcomeDefinition/annotation
Primary outcome
28 day survival rate after arrival at the EDPatients whose survival/death information on 28th day after arrival at the ED is unclear are defined as drop-outs and will be excluded from the primary outcome analysis
Secondary outcome
Time to death during the first 28 days after arrival at the ED
In-hospital survival rate
Cumulative transfusion amounts
 Red blood cell concentrateCumulative amounts during the first 1, 7 and 28 days after arrival at the ED
 Fresh-frozen plasmaCumulative amounts during the first 1, 7 and 28 days after arrival at the ED
 Platelet concentrateCumulative amounts during the first 1, 7 and 28 days after arrival at the ED
Event-free days during the first 28 days after arrival at the ED
 Ventilator-free daysWhen the patient dies during the first 28 days after the arrival at ED, the free days are defined as zero
 Catecholamine-free daysWhen the patient dies during the first 28 days after the arrival at ED, the free days are defined as zero
ICU-free daysWhen the patient dies during the first 28 days after the arrival at ED, the free days are defined as zero
Organ failure during the first 7 days after arrival at the ED
 Renal failureStage III defined by the Kidney Disease Improving Global Guidelines
 Hepatic failureTotal bilirubin level ≥6 mg/dL as per the Sequential Organ Failure Assessment score
 Respiratory failureModerate acute respiratory distress syndrome according to the Berlin definition
Complications during in-hospital stay or the first 28 days after arrival at the ED
 Deep venous thrombosisPresence or absence should be diagnosed using clinical imaging
 Pulmonary embolismPresence or absence should be diagnosed using clinical imaging
 Cerebral infarctionPresence or absence should be diagnosed using clinical imaging
 Acute myocardial infarctionPresence or absence should not be diagnosed using only an elevation of cardiac biomarkers
 Bowel ischaemiaPresence or absence should not be diagnosed using laboratory data
 Transfusion-associated lung injuryPresence, possibility or absence are defined using the Toronto definition
 SepsisPresence or absence should be diagnosed using the Sepsis-3 definition
Glasgow outcome scale score at discharge from the hospitalGood recovery, moderate disability, severe disability, persistent vegetative state or death
  • ED, emergency department; ICU, intensive care unit.