Outcome | Definition/annotation |
Primary outcome | |
28 day survival rate after arrival at the ED | Patients whose survival/death information on 28th day after arrival at the ED is unclear are defined as drop-outs and will be excluded from the primary outcome analysis |
Secondary outcome | |
Time to death during the first 28 days after arrival at the ED | |
In-hospital survival rate | |
Cumulative transfusion amounts | |
Red blood cell concentrate | Cumulative amounts during the first 1, 7 and 28 days after arrival at the ED |
Fresh-frozen plasma | Cumulative amounts during the first 1, 7 and 28 days after arrival at the ED |
Platelet concentrate | Cumulative amounts during the first 1, 7 and 28 days after arrival at the ED |
Event-free days during the first 28 days after arrival at the ED | |
Ventilator-free days | When the patient dies during the first 28 days after the arrival at ED, the free days are defined as zero |
Catecholamine-free days | When the patient dies during the first 28 days after the arrival at ED, the free days are defined as zero |
ICU-free days | When the patient dies during the first 28 days after the arrival at ED, the free days are defined as zero |
Organ failure during the first 7 days after arrival at the ED | |
Renal failure | Stage III defined by the Kidney Disease Improving Global Guidelines |
Hepatic failure | Total bilirubin level ≥6 mg/dL as per the Sequential Organ Failure Assessment score |
Respiratory failure | Moderate acute respiratory distress syndrome according to the Berlin definition |
Complications during in-hospital stay or the first 28 days after arrival at the ED | |
Deep venous thrombosis | Presence or absence should be diagnosed using clinical imaging |
Pulmonary embolism | Presence or absence should be diagnosed using clinical imaging |
Cerebral infarction | Presence or absence should be diagnosed using clinical imaging |
Acute myocardial infarction | Presence or absence should not be diagnosed using only an elevation of cardiac biomarkers |
Bowel ischaemia | Presence or absence should not be diagnosed using laboratory data |
Transfusion-associated lung injury | Presence, possibility or absence are defined using the Toronto definition |
Sepsis | Presence or absence should be diagnosed using the Sepsis-3 definition |
Glasgow outcome scale score at discharge from the hospital | Good recovery, moderate disability, severe disability, persistent vegetative state or death |
ED, emergency department; ICU, intensive care unit.