Table 5

Regression coefficients for HFS and HABS subscale and total scores

	HFS-II			HABS
	Avoidance behaviour	Worry	Total	Avoidance	Confidence	Anxiety	Total
Scale mean (SD)	1.6 (0.7)	1.8 (0.7)	1.7 (0.6)	2.7 (0.7)	3.4 (0.6)	2.6 (0.7)	2.6 (0.5)
Score range	0.0–3.6	0.0–4.0	0.0–3.8	1.0–4.2	1.0–5.0	1.0–5.0	1.1–4.3
Generalised Anxiety†
Mild (0=minimal, 1=mild)	0.309**	0.474***	0.390***	0.114	−0.311***	0.394***	0.293***
Moderate or severe (0=minimal, 1=moderate/severe)	0.393***	0.613***	0.509***	0.241*	−0.469***	0.558***	0.459***
Depression‡§
Mild (0=none, 1=mild)	0.145	0.456***	0.320***	0.230*	−0.159*	0.354***	0.231**
Moderate or more (0=none, 1=moderate or higher)	0.331***	0.618***	0.496***	0.384***	−0.532***	0.598***	0.527***
Diabetes distress¶ (0=low distress, 1=high distress)	0.179*	0.418***	0.306***	0.225**	−0.323***	0.435***	0.340***
Duration of type 1 diabetes mellitus, years	−0.014***	−0.007*	−0.010***	−0.005	0.005*	−0.011***	−0.006**
Age, years	0.006*	0.005	0.005	0.000	−0.009**	0.012***	0.008***
Women** (0=men, 1=women)	−0.079	0.147*	0.042	−0.141*	−0.083	−0.124	−0.047
Hypoglycaemia unawareness†† (0=aware, 1=no awareness)	0.036	−0.053	−0.011	−0.192**	−0.056	0.009	−0.036
Self-reported HbA1c, % (mmol/mol)	0.054	0.031	0.044	0.250***	−0.042	−0.010	0.081**
No of comorbidities	0.053*	0.034	0.045*	0.020	0.000	0.028	0.013
Mild low BG, times per week	−0.008	0.009	0.001	−0.020*	0.005	−0.008	−0.016*
Moderate low BG, times per week	0.014	0.015	0.015	0.022	−0.023	0.018	0.034**
Severe low BG, lifetime	0.001	0.012**	0.007*	0.000	−0.009**	0.010**	0.006*

Higher scores for HFS and HABS indicate higher levels of concept measured. Reference groups for categorical variables.
*P<0.05, **P<0.01, ***P<0.001.
†Reference groups for categorical variables: GAD-7, minimal anxiety.
‡Reference groups for categorical variables: depression (PHQ-8), no depression.
§Reference groups for categorical variables: depression was analysed in separate regression models, replacing generalised anxiety, due to the extremely high correlation between depression and generalised anxiety (r=0.81).
¶Reference groups for categorical variables: Diabetes Distress (PAID-5), low distress.
**Reference groups for categorical variables: gender, men.
††Reference groups for categorical variables: hypoglycaemia unawareness, awareness of the beginning of low blood sugar experience.
GAD-7, Generalised Anxiety Disorder; HABS, Hypoglycaemia Attitudes and Behaviour Scale; HbA1c, glycosylated hemoglobin; HFS, Hypoglycaemia Fear Survey; PAID-5, Problem Areas in Diabetes; PHQ-8, Patient Health Questionnaire-8.