Health-related characteristics of men and women at the OPAL Cohort Study
| Health-related characteristics | Men (n=2625) | Women (n=2784) |
| Musculoskeletal symptoms in the last 6 weeks, n (%) | ||
| Low back (small of the back) | 1098 (41.8) | 1306 (46.9) |
| One of both knees | 932 (35.5) | 1132 (40.7) |
| Wrist/hands | 653 (24.9) | 1053 (37.8) |
| Neck | 673 (25.6) | 951 (34.2) |
| Shoulders | 667 (25.4) | 948 (34.1) |
| One of both hips/thighs | 599 (22.8) | 875 (31.4) |
| One or both ankles/feet | 559 (21.3) | 755 (27.1) |
| Upper back | 160 (6.1) | 346 (12.4) |
| Elbows | 161 (6.1) | 173 (6.2) |
| Any pain, n (%) | 2137 (81.4) | 2406 (86.4) |
| Mobility | ||
| Confidence to walk half a mile, median (IQR) | 10 (9–10) | 10 (6–10) |
| Outdoor walking pace, n (%) | ||
| Fast | 91 (3.5) | 93 (3.3) |
| Fairly brisk | 534 (20.3) | 572 (20.6) |
| Normal | 994 (37.9) | 958 (34.4) |
| Stroll at an easy pace | 647 (24.7) | 726 (26.1) |
| Very slow | 326 (12.4) | 395 (14.2) |
| Unable to walk | 19 (0.7) | 27 (1.0) |
| Walking rate than 1 year ago, n (%) | ||
| Much better | 52 (2.0) | 84 (3.0) |
| Somewhat better | 114 (4.3) | 101 (3.6) |
| About the same | 1822 (69.4) | 1831 (65.8) |
| Somewhat worse | 507 (19.3) | 622 (22.3) |
| Much worse | 113 (4.3) | 133 (4.8) |
| Walking aid use inside (yes), n (%) | 108 (4.1) | 153 (5.5) |
| Walking aid use outside (yes), n (%) | 306 (11.7) | 435 (15.6) |
| Falls in the last year, n (%) | ||
| None | 1900 (72.4) | 1906 (68.5) |
| One fall | 474 (18.1) | 624 (22.4) |
| More than one fall | 235 (9.0) | 236 (8.5) |
| Frailty, Tilburg Frailty Score, median (IQR) | 2 (1–4) | 3 (1–5) |
| Clock-Drawing Test, n (%) | ||
| 1 point | 9 (0.3) | 5 (0.2) |
| 2 points | 28 (1.1) | 45 (1.6) |
| 3 points | 112 (4.3) | 102 (3.7) |
| 4 points | 210 (8.0) | 273 (9.8) |
| 5 points | 445 (17.0) | 487 (17.5) |
| 6 points | 1756 (66.9) | 1793 (64.4) |
| Quality of life | ||
| EQ-5D Crosswalk Index Value, mean (SD) | 0.79 (0.19) | 0.76 (0.21) |
| EQ-VAS, mean (SD) | 79.1 (16.7) | 77.7 (18.0) |
Sample sizes may vary due to missing values; data included older adults 65 years and older at baseline 2016–2018.
EQ-VAS, EuroQol Visual Analog Scale; IQR, Interquartile Range; OPAL, Oxford Pain, Activity and Lifestyle.