Characteristics of the study population and comparisons between participants going outdoors frequently or not
| Characteristics (mean) (%) | Total population (N=3419) (100 %) | Going outdoors frequently? | Unadjusted OR (95% CI) | P value | ||
| Yes (N=2528; 73.9%) | No (N=891; 26.1%) | |||||
| Sociodemographic | Female (%) | 59.5 | 58.4 | 62.7 | 0.83 (0.71 to 0.97) | 0.022 |
| Age groups by cohort wave (%) | ||||||
| 78-82 years (wave 1) | 34.6 | 24.1 | 26.8 | (ref) | <0.001 | |
| 73-77 years (wave 2) | 30.0 | 32.8 | 32.1 | 0.90 (0.75 to 1.08) | ||
| 68-72 years (wave 3) | 35.5 | 43.1 | 41.1 | 0.57 (0.48 to 0.69) | ||
| Higher education (%) | 44.0 | 47.1 | 35.1 | 1.65 (1.41 to 1.93) | <0.001 | |
| Health | Comorbidities (%) | |||||
| None | 23.8 | 26.0 | 17.6 | (ref) | <0.001 | |
| One | 30.6 | 31.8 | 27.2 | 0.79 (0.63 to 0.99) | ||
| Two or more | 45.6 | 42.2 | 55.2 | 0.51 (0.42 to 0.63) | ||
| Vertigo (%) | 10.3 | 8.2 | 16.2 | 0.46 (0.37 to 0.58) | <0.001 | |
| Dyspnoea (%) | 17.2 | 13.0 | 29.1 | 0.36 (0.30 to 0.44) | <0.001 | |
| Pain (%) | 61.9 | 58.2 | 72.2 | 0.54 (0.45 to 0.63) | <0.001 | |
| Urinary incontinence (%) | 14.4 | 12.3 | 20.3 | 0.55 (0.45 to 0.68) | <0.001 | |
| Falls (%) | 19.0 | 17.2 | 24.4 | 0.64 (0.53 to 0.77) | <0.001 | |
| Psychological | Depressive feelings (%) | 25.6 | 20.5 | 40.2 | 0.38 (0.32 to 0.45) | <0.001 |
| Insecurity in the street (%) | 37.0 | 33.7 | 46.7 | 0.58 (0.49 to 0.68) | <0.001 | |
| Fear of falling (%) | 50.6 | 45.1 | 65.3 | 0.44 (0.38 to 0.52) | <0.001 | |
| Optimism, quality of life in a year (%) | ||||||
| The same or better | 87.6 | 90.3 | 79.7 | 2.40 (1.91 to 2.94) | <0.001 | |
| Cognitive complaints (%) | 29.3 | 25.9 | 38.7 | 0.55 (0.47 to 0.65) | <0.001 | |
| Social network | Living alone (%) | 42.9 | 42.2 | 44.9 | 0.89 (0.77 to 1.04) | 0.162 |
| Dense social network (%) | 25.3 | 28.3 | 16.5 | 2.00 (1.61 to 2.48) | <0.001 | |
| High-quality social network (%) | 56.8 | 59.9 | 48.0 | 1.62 (1.39 to 1.89) | <0.001 | |
| New emotional relationship (%) | 7.2 | 7.8 | 5.5 | 1.45 (1.05 to 2.01) | 0.025 | |
| Death of the spouse or partner (%) | 1.56 | 1.47 | 1.81 | 0.81 (0.45 to 1.46) | 0.485 | |
Refer to ‘Methods’ section for detailed definition of the characteristics.
ORs and p values from unadjusted logistic regression analysis.