Characteristics according to LVH using ECG and echocardiogram
| Characteristics | ECG n=422 | ECHO n=422 | P value | |||
| LVH+ n=47 | LVH− n=375 | P value | LVH+ n=184 | LVH− n=238 | ||
| Demographics | ||||||
| Age (mean, SD) | 70.9±6.4 | 69.5±6.5 | 0.166 | 71.2±6.9 | 68.5±6.0 | <0.001 |
| Male (n, %) | 23 (48.9) | 163 (43.5) | 0.476 | 83 (45.1) | 103 (43.3) | 0.707 |
| Low education (n, %) | 5 (10.6) | 48 (12.8) | 0.673 | 24 (13.0) | 29 (12.2) | 0.792 |
| Having a partner (n, %) | 37 (78.7) | 290 (77.3) | 0.830 | 141 (76.6) | 186 (78.2) | 0.711 |
| Lifestyle | ||||||
| Current smoker (n, %) | 4 (8.5) | 50 (13.3) | 0.351 | 19 (10.3) | 35 (14.7) | 0.182 |
| Regular alcohol use (n, %)* | 14 (29.8) | 121 (32.3) | 0.731 | 61 (33.2) | 74 (31.1) | 0.653 |
| Recommended physical exercise (n, %)† | 8 (17.0) | 60 (16.0) | 0.858 | 28 (15.2) | 40 (16.8) | 0.660 |
| Clinical characteristics and risk factors | ||||||
| Previous MI (n, %) | 2 (4.3) | 17 (4.5) | 0.931 | 13 (7.1) | 6 (2.5) | 0.026 |
| Peripheral artery disease (n, %) | 1 (2.1) | 17 (4.5) | 0.442 | 5 (2.7) | 13 (5.5) | 0.166 |
| Previous TIA/stroke (n, %) | 1 (2.1) | 35 (9.3) | 0.096 | 20 (10.9) | 16 (6.7) | 0.130 |
| Diabetes (n, %) | 4 (8.5) | 35 (9.3) | 0.854 | 19 (10.3) | 20 (8.4) | 0.499 |
| BMI (mean, SD)‡ | 27±4.0 | 28±4.6 | 0.178 | 29±4.3 | 28±4.7 | 0.043 |
| BNP (median, IQR)§ | 17 (9.9–31) | 9.7 (5.8–16.3) | <0.001 | 11.0 (6.9–18) | 9.8 (5.3–17) | 0.035 |
| Total cholesterol (mean, SD)¶ | 5.2±1.1 | 5.1±1.0 | 0.522 | 5.1±1.1 | 5.0±0.9 | 0.286 |
| LDL (mean, SD)¶ | 3.2±0.9 | 3.1±0.9 | 0.746 | 3.2±0.9 | 3.1±0.9 | 0.361 |
| SBP (mean, SD) | 155±23.1 | 149±19.7 | 0.041 | 152±21.7 | 147±18.7 | 0.007 |
| SBP >140 (n, %) | 33 (70.2) | 248 (66.1) | 0.576 | 128 (69.6) | 153 (64.3) | 0.254 |
| SBP >150 (n, %) | 28 (59.6) | 157 (41.9) | 0.021 | 89 (48.4) | 96 (40.3) | 0.099 |
| DBP (mean, SD) | 83.7±10.9 | 81.6±10.7 | 0.203 | 81±10.9 | 82±10.6 | 0.188 |
| DBP >90 (n, %) | 11 (23.4) | 75 (20.0) | 0.585 | 36 (19.6) | 50 (21.0) | 0.715 |
| Blood pressure on target (n, %)** | 15 (31.9) | 160 (42.7) | 0.158 | 71 (38.6) | 104 (43.7) | 0.291 |
| Years of hypertension (median, IQR)¶ | 10 (4–15) | 10 (4–16) | 0.629 | 10 (4–20) | 8 (4–15) | 0.188 |
Values for categorical variables are given as number (percentage); values for continuous variables are given as mean±SD or median (IQR). χ2 test for nominal data, t-test for normally distributed continuous data, Mann-Whitney U test for non-normally distributed data. P values <0.05 are in bold.
*Defined as ≥2 glasses of alcohol per day on average.
†Defined as ≥30 min exercise per day, at least 5 days/week.
‡n=418.
§n=400.
¶n=407 due to missing data.
**On-target systolic blood pressure defined as <140 mm Hg for persons aged less than 70 years and <150 mm Hg for persons aged 70 years or more.
BMI, body mass index; BNP, brain natriuretic peptide; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; ECHO, echocardiogram; LDL, low-density lipoprotein; LVH, left ventricular hypertrophy; MI, myocardial infarction; SBP, systolic blood pressure; TIA, transient ischaemic attack.