Number of chronic health conditions | 1.24 (1.06 to 1.45) | 0.008 |
Gender | | |
Male | Reference | |
Female | 1.08 (0.61 to 1.94) | 0.783 |
Age (years) | | |
20–39 | Reference | |
40–59 | 1.13 (0.36 to 3.57) | 0.837 |
60–79 | 0.42 (0.13 to 1.33) | 0.143 |
≥80 | 0.47 (0.13 to 1.77) | 0.266 |
Education | | |
Less than high school | Reference | |
High school | 1.12 (0.49 to 2.56) | 0.790 |
Junior college | 1.51 (0.57 to 4.04) | 0.409 |
More than or equal to college | 2.11 (0.83 to 5.34) | 0.116 |
Annual household income (million yen) |
<3.00 (=US$27 000) | Reference | |
3.00–4.99 | 0.58 (0.28 to 1.20) | 0.145 |
5.00–6.99 | 0.76 (0.31 to 1.90) | 0.561 |
7.00–9.99 | 0.42 (0.11 to 1.53) | 0.188 |
≥10.00 | 0.90 (0.23 to 3.48) | 0.882 |