Summary of study characteristics
| All (n=69 studies) | |
| Participants | 1747 |
| Clinicians (n, %) | |
| Total n=630 participants | |
| GPs | 337 (54) |
| Physiotherapists | 121 (19) |
| Chiropractors | 57 (9) |
| Medical specialists* | 24 (4) |
| Occupational therapists | 8 (1) |
| Other† | 83 (13) |
| Patients (n, %) | |
| Total n=1072 participants | |
| Acute low back pain | 38 (4) |
| Chronic low back pain | 515 (48) |
| Unspecified | 519 (48) |
| Mixed sample (n, %) | |
| Total n=45 participants | |
| Studies | 69 |
| Setting (n studies, %) | |
| Primary care | 46 (67) |
| Secondary care | 8 (11) |
| Tertiary care | 6 (9) |
| Mixed/not-specified | 9 (13) |
| Location (n studies, %) | |
| Europe | 42 (61) |
| Australia/New Zealand | 14 (20) |
| North America | 11 (16) |
| Asia | 2 (3) |
*Includes rehabilitation physicians(n=6), mixed group of specialists in neurology, rehabilitation medicine, orthopaedics, neurosurgery, rheumatology (n=14), pain specialist (n=4).
†Members of multidisciplinary rehabilitation team, profession not specified.
GPs, general practitioners.