Table 1

Descriptive statistics of sub-mode performance in players who experienced a concussion (CONC) and a control group with no concussions (CONT)

Concussions (CONC, n=501)CONTROLS (CONT, n=1190)
T1 (pre)T2 (post)T1T2
Mean (95% CI)MedianMean (95% CI)MedianMean (95% CI)MedianMean (95% CI)Median
Symptom number
(n=143 CONC)		1.10 (0.78 to 1.42)00.66*
(0.41 to 0.91)		01.42
(1.26 to 1.58)		01.34
(1.19 to 1.49)		0
Symptom severity1.63 (1.11 to 2.15)00.95*
(0.58 to 1.32)		02.20
(1.93 to 2.47)		02.08
(1.82 to 2.34)		0
Orientation4.85
(4.82 to 4.88)		54.81
(4.78 to 4.84)		54.82
(4.8 to 4.84)		54.83
(4.81 to 4.85)		5
Immediate memory
(n=119 CONC; 723 CONT)		22.36*
(21.74 to 22.98)		2222.85†
(22.16 to 23.54)		2321.32
(21.06 to 21.58)		2121.60
(21.34 to 21.86)		22
Digits backward3.21
(3.13 to 3.29)		33.45†
(3.38 to 3.52)		43.20
(3.15 to 3.25)		33.25
(3.20 to 3.30)		4
Concentration4.14 (4.05 to 4.23)44.39†
(4.32 to 4.46)		54.08
(4.02 to 4.14)		44.15
(4.10 to 4.20)		4
Delayed recall
(n=119 CONC; 723 CONT)		7.37
(7.05 to 7.69)		77.78†
(7.48 to 8.08)		87.04
(6.9 to 7.18)		77.07
(6.94 to 7.20)		7
Tandem gait assessment10.66 (10.34 to 10.98)1110.40
(10.10 to 10.70)		1110.83
(10.73 to 10.93)		1110.53
(10.43 to 10.63)		11
M-BESS
Double leg0.01
(0 to 0.02)		00.00
(-0.01 to 0.01)		00.01
(0 to 0.02)		00.01
(0 to 0.02)		0
Single leg2.08
(1.90 to 2.26)		21.84
(1.68 to 2.00)		11.88
(1.77 to 1.99)		11.78
(1.68 to 1.88)		1
Tandem stance0.84
(0.72 to 0.96)		00.74
(0.63 to 0.85)		00.78
(0.71 to 0.85)		00.74
(0.67 to 0.81)		0
Total errors2.93
(2.67 to 3.19)		22.59
(2.37 to 2.81)		22.68
(2.53 to 2.83)		22.54
(2.4 to 2.68)		2

  • Sub-mode scores are shown as means (95% CI) and medians.

  • *denotes significantly lower than in CONT at the corresponding time point.

  • †denotes significantly greater than in CONT at the corresponding time point

  • M-BESS, Modified Balance Error Scoring System.