NHB (n=4285) | NHW (n=9469) | OR*/median difference (95% CI) | P value | |
Age, mean (SD) | 49.4 (17.8) | 56.0 (19.2) | 0.98 (0.98 to 0.98) | <0.001 |
Age categories (%) | ||||
Up to 35 | 24.3 | 18.8 | Reference | |
36–50 | 28.8 | 19.8 | 1.12 (1.01 to 1.25) | 0.03 |
51–75 | 39.1 | 44.9 | 0.68 (0.61 to 0.74) | <0.001 |
>75 | 7.8 | 16.5 | 0.37 (0.32 to 0.42) | <0.001 |
Female | 68.1 | 58.1 | 1.54 (1.42 to 1.66) | <0.001 |
Median (IQR) zip income | 64 022 (47 303–79 658) | 76 163 (60 130–102 019) | −12 141 (−14 018 to −10 263) | <0.001 |
Median zip income pentiles (%), pentiles of increasing income† | ||||
Category I | 33.5 | 13.1 | Reference | |
Category II | 21.3 | 19.7 | 0.42 (0.38 to 0.47) | <0.001 |
Category III | 22.7 | 19.1 | 0.47 (0.42 to 0.52) | <0.001 |
Category IV | 10.5 | 26.2 | 0.16 (0.14 to 0.18) | <0.001 |
Category V | 11.9 | 22.0 | 0.21 (0.19 to 0.24) | <0.001 |
Population density for zip, median (IQR) | 3217.6 (2040.7–4439.7) | 2488.5 (812.2–4084.3) | 729.1 (603.0 to 855.2) | <0.001 |
Population density for zip pentiles (%), pentiles of increasing population density† | ||||
Category I | 11.5 | 28.3 | Reference | |
Category II | 21.7 | 20.9 | 2.52 (2.21 to 2.86) | <0.001 |
Category III | 21.8 | 16.9 | 3.20 (2.81 to 3.65) | <0.001 |
Category IV | 23.0 | 15.5 | 3.66 (3.21 to 4.17) | <0.001 |
Category V | 22.2 | 18.3 | 2.99 (2.63 to 3.41) | <0.001 |
CCI, median (IQR) | 2 (0–6) | 3 (1–7) | −1 (−1.22 to −0.78) | <0.001 |
CCI categories (%) | ||||
0 | 30.8 | 24.9 | Reference | |
1–2 | 25.1 | 22.3 | 0.91 (0.82 to 1.01) | 0.07 |
3–6 | 19.7 | 24.0 | 0.66 (0.60 to 0.74) | <0.001 |
>6 | 24.4 | 28.8 | 0.68 (0.62 to 0.75) | <0.001 |
Hypertension | 56.0 | 52.6 | 1.14 (1.07 to 1.23) | <0.001 |
Diabetes (without complications) | 29.6 | 21.9 | 1.50 (1.38 to 1.63) | <0.001 |
Obesity | 33.1 | 30.8 | 1.11 (1.03 to 1.20) | 0.008 |
*Unadjusted OR and 95% CI for the association between individual covariates in SARS-CoV-2 positivity or difference in median and 95% CI of the difference obtained via quantile regression.
†Pentiles were defined by categorising the ordered distribution of median income and population density into five categories.
NHB, non-Hispanic black; NHW, non-Hispanic white; SARS-CoV-2, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2.