Table 3

Mean time (minutes) and time differences between the integrated operating room (IOR) and conventional operating room (COR)

Type of surgery	Surgical specialty	IOR		COR		T-test		IOR		COR		T-test (unadjusted)		Regression (adjusted for surgeon)
Type of surgery	Surgical specialty	N	Mean	N	Mean	Difference	95% CI	N	Mean	N	Mean	Difference	95% CI	Difference	95% CI
		Preparation time (minutes)†						Surgical time (minutes)‡
Gastrointestinal surgery	Appendectomy	40	37.38	44	38.06	−1.31	(−6.64 to 4.03)	39	47.36	46	55.72	−8.36	(−19.72 to 3.01)	−5.79	(−18.50 to 6.91)
Gastrointestinal surgery	Cholecystectomy	33	50.61	23	60.91	−10.31	(−24.57 to 3.96)	35	92.11	23	91.83	0.29	(−24.47 to 25.05)	3.19	(−25.66 to 32.05)
Heart, lung, and vascular surgery	Lobectomy	243	72.35	122	79.55	−7.20	(−13.54 to −0.87)*	242	141.52	122	147.34	−5.83	(−26.33 to 14.67)	−9.83	(−26.66 to 7.00)
Heart, lung, and vascular surgery	Oesophageal resection	151	110.44	38	106.5	3.94	(−14.48 to 22.35)	152	304.72	37	290.30	14.45	(−22.26 to 51.10)	12.07	(−23.65 to 47.78)
Heart, lung, and vascular surgery	Pectus excavatum	81	44.65	104	48.99	−4.34	(−11.64 to 2.97	84	40.93	103	39.65	1.28	(−6.81 to 9.37)	1.64	(−6.50 to 9.78)
Heart, lung, and vascular surgery	Lung resection	130	66.67	141	69.06	−2.39	(−7.55 to 2.78)	131	62.97	142	57.98	4.99	(−2.62 to 12.60)	6.79	(−1.14 to 14.73)
Heart, lung, and vascular surgery	Pectus carinatum	7	54.57	11	55.36	−0.79	(−26.02 to 24.43)	7	187.71	11	164.91	22.81	(−50.33 to 95.94)
		Completion time (minutes)§						Procedure time (minutes)¶
Gastrointestinal surgery	Appendectomy	38	16.74	45	21.98	−5.24	(−15.65 to 5.17)	38	101.08	39	119.67	−18.59	(−39.90 to 2.72)
Gastrointestinal surgery	Cholecystectomy	33	28.33	21	15.86	12.48	(1.26 to 23.69)*	31	174.45	21	170.10	4.36	(−24.78 to 33.49)
Heart, lung, and vascular surgery	Lobectomy	219	22.11	112	23.08	−0.97	(−4.48 to 2.55)	219	232.98	112	239.27	−6.29	(−17.10 to 5.41)
Heart, lung, and vascular surgery	Oesophageal resection	123	28.71	31	54.94	−26.23	(−79.36 to 26.03)	122	434.95	31	429.95	5.21	(−68.20 to 78.61)
Heart, lung, and vascular surgery	Pectus excavatum	70	29.21	85	17.72	11.50	(−10.87 to 33.87)	67	114.61	84	101.02	13.59	(−11.46 to 38.64)
Heart, lung, and vascular surgery	Lung resection	115	21.31	131	22.10	−0.79	(−3.95 to 2.38)	114	147.56	130	147.20	0.36	(−9.61 to 10.34)
Heart, lung, and vascular surgery	Pectus carinatum	5	18.40	9	25.00	−6.60	(−21.87 to 8.67)	5	235.60	9	229.89	5.71	(−59.54 to 70.96)

*Significant.
†Time between patient entering OR and first incision.
‡Time between first incision and last suture.
§Time between last suture and patient leaving OR.
¶Time between patient entering OR and leaving OR.
OR, operating room.