Table 4

Summary of effectiveness outcomes

Effectiveness outcome	CPAP	Standard oxygen therapy	Total	Absolute risk difference
Effectiveness outcome	N=42	N=35	N=77	(95% CI)
30-day mortality	n=42	n=35	n=77
	12	9	21	2.90%
	−28.60%	−25.70%	−27.30%	(−19.7 to 25.4)
Intubated	n=33	n=29	n=62
	2	1	3	2.60%
	−6.10%	−3.40%	−4.80%	(−10.5 to 15.7)
Admission to critical care	n=35	n=30	n=65	4.80%
	4	2	6	(−12.1 to 21.7)
	−11.40%	−6.50%	−9.20%
				Median of the difference (95% CI)
Median length of stay (days, IQR)	n=22	n=22	n=44	3
	10	7	8	(−0.00 to 6.00)
	(6.5 to 12)	(5 to 9.8)	(5.5 to 11.2)
Change in patient reported breathlessness over prehospital interval (VAS, IQR)	n=18	n=18	n=36	−2
	−3	−2	−2.5	(−3.00 to 0.00)
	(−4 to –2)	(−4 to –1)	(−4 to –1)
Change in clinician assessed breathlessness over prehospital interval (VAS, IQR)	n=41	n=35	n=76	−1
	−3	−2	−2	(−2 to 0)
	(−5 to –1)	(−3.5 to 1)	(−4 to –1)
30-day EQ-5D-5L (IQR)	n=22	n=18	n=40	0.08
	0.82	0.73	0.76	(−0.6 to 0.26)
	(0.58 to 0.95)	(0.43 to 0.89)	(0.48 to 0.92)
Median change in EQ-5D-5L (IQR)	n=22	n=18	n=40	0.0 (−0.12 to 0.16)
	0.09	0.1	0.09
	(−0.01 to 0.16)	(−0.06 to 0.19)	(−0.02 to 0.18)