Results of the meta-analyses of randomised controlled trials
| All trials | Sham-controlled trials | |||||||||
| k | N | MD (95% CI) | I2 | GRADE* | k | N | MD (95% CI) | I2 | GRADE* | |
| RD of the facet joints | ||||||||||
| 1–3 months | 7 | 599 | −0.56 (−1.13 to 0.01) | 59% | Low | 6 | 348 | −0.63 (−1.39 to 0.12) | 66% | Low |
| 6 months | 4 | 361 | −0.66 (−1.37 to 0.05) | 42% | Low | 3 | 110 | −1.05 (−2.21 to 0.10) | 32% | Low |
| 1 year | 2 | 291 | −0.72 (−2.24 to 0.80) | 89% | Very low | 1 | 40 | −1.50 (−2.21 to 0.79) | NA | Very low |
| RD of the sacroiliac joints | ||||||||||
| 1–3 months | 5 | 384 | −1.53 (−2.62 to 0.45) | 83% | Low | 4 | 156 | −1.89 (−3.45 to 0.34) | 87% | Very low |
| 6 months | 1 | 228 | −0.28 (−1.00 to 0.44) | NA | Low | |||||
| 12 months | 1 | 228 | −0.19 (−0.92 to 0.54) | NA | Low | |||||
| RD of the intervertebral discs | ||||||||||
| 1–3 months | 4 | 200 | −0.98 (−1.84 to 0.12) | 40% | Low | 3 | 144 | −0.63 (−1.36 to 0.10) | 0% | Low |
| 6 months | 3 | 127 | −1.74 (−2.58 to 0.91) | 0% | Low | 2 | 75 | −1.63 (−2.58 to 0.68) | 0% | Low |
| 12 months | 1 | 20 | −1.70 (−3.63 to 0.23) | NA | Very low | 1 | 20 | −1.70 (−3.63 to 0.23) | NA | Very low |
| RD of the vertebral body and end plate | ||||||||||
| 3 months | 1 | 205 | −0.34 (−1.09 to 0.41) | NA | Moderate | 1 | 205 | −0.34 (−1.09 to 0.41) | NA | Moderate |
| 6 months | 1 | 205 | −0.67 (−1.44 to 0.10) | NA | Moderate | 1 | 205 | −0.67 (−1.44 to 0.10) | NA | Moderate |
| 12 months | 1 | 205 | −0.50 (−1.29 to 0.29) | NA | Moderate | 1 | 205 | −0.50 (−1.29 to 0.29) | NA | Moderate |
*GRADE assessment of the quality of the evidence.
k, number of trials; MD, mean difference; N, number of participants.