Baseline characteristics of enrolled patients, overall and by type of SDB
| Overall | Type of SDB* | P value | ||
| CSA | eCSA or co-ex CSA/OSA | |||
| n (%) | 503 (100) | 345 (69) | 156 (31) | |
| Male, n (%) | 442 (88) | 311 (90.1) | 131 (84) | 0.05 |
| Age, years | 72 (64–79) | 72 (65–79) | 73 (65–78) | 0.93 |
| Body mass index, kg/m2 | 28 (25–32) | 27 (24–32) | 30 (26–32) | 0.01 |
| Current smoker, n (%) | 232 (46) | 166 (48) | 66 (43) | 0.24 |
| Alcohol use, n (%) | 66 (14) | 58 (17) | 11 (7) | <0.01 |
| Cardiac devices†, n (%) | 136 (27) | 84 (25) | 52 (33) | 0.04 |
| Heart failure aetiology, n (%) | ||||
| Ischaemic | 259 (52) | 182 (53) | 77 (51) | 0.19 |
| Dilated cardiomyopathy | 36 (7) | 25 (7) | 11 (7) | |
| Arterial hypertension | 73 (15) | 45 (13) | 28 (18) | |
| Valvular | 31 (8) | 31 (9) | 7 (5) | |
| Alcoholic | 5 (1) | 5 (2) | 0 (0) | |
| Other | 85 (17) | 56 (16) | 29 (19) | |
| LVEF, % | 49 (34–58) | 48 (35–58) | 50 (33–57) | 0.87 |
| NYHA class, n (%)*‡ | ||||
| I | 82 (19) | 62 (20.1) | 20 (15.5) | 0.30 |
| II | 190 (43) | 138 (44.7) | 52 (40.3) | |
| III | 146 (33) | 97 (31.4) | 49 (38) | |
| IV | 20 (5) | 12 (3.9) | 8 (6.2) | |
| Comorbidities, n (%) | ||||
| Arterial hypertension | 360 (72) | 249 (72) | 111 (72) | 0.90 |
| Diabetes mellitus | 188 (38) | 127 (37) | 61 (39) | 0.59 |
| Dyslipidaemia | 292 (58) | 202 (59) | 90 (58) | 0.86 |
| Stroke/TIA | 113 (23) | 84 (24) | 29 (19) | 0.16 |
| Atrial fibrillation | 202 (40) | 140 (41) | 62 (40) | 0.86 |
| Other arrhythmias | 96 (19) | 65 (19) | 31 (20) | 0.77 |
| COPD | 58 (12) | 38 (11) | 20 (13) | 0.56 |
| Depression | 36 (7) | 20 (6) | 16 (10) | 0.07 |
Values are median (IQR) or number of patients (%).
*Type of sleep-disordered breathing data were unavailable in two patients.
†Cardiac device implanted: pacemaker or defibrillator.
‡NYHA class data were available in 438 patients of the 501 patients with polygraphy or polysomnography data; percentages are reported using the whole population as the denominator (the difference from 100% is missing data).
Co-ex CSA/OSA, coexisting central sleep apnoea/obstructive sleep apnoea; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; eCSA, emergent central sleep apnoea; LVEF, left ventricular ejection fraction; NYHA, New York Heart Association; SDB, sleep-disordered breathing; TIA, transient ischaemic attack.