Association of grip strength and pRNFL thickness by multivariate linear regression analyses
| pRNFL thickness, μm | Model 1* | Model 2† | ||||
| Coefficient | 95% CI | P value | Coefficient | 95% CI | P value | |
| Average | ||||||
| Quantile 1 | 1.00 (Ref) | 1.00 (Ref) | ||||
| Quantile 2 | 3.83 | (1.56 to 6.11) | 0.001 | 3.43 | (1.21 to 5.66) | 0.003 |
| Quantile 3 | 4.94 | (2.54 to 7.34) | <0.001 | 3.88 | (1.53 to 6.23) | 0.001 |
| Quantile 4 | 5.91 | (3.25 to 8.56) | <0.001 | 5.03 | (2.42 to 7.64) | <0.001 |
| Per 1 kg increase | 0.22 | (0.12 to 0.32) | <0.001 | 0.18 | (0.08 to 0.28) | <0.001 |
| Superior | ||||||
| Quantile 1 | 1.00 (Ref) | 1.00 (Ref) | ||||
| Quantile 2 | −1.61 | (−5.28 to 2.06) | 0.389 | −0.73 | (−4.26 to 2.81) | 0.687 |
| Quantile 3 | −2.83 | (−6.70 to 1.05) | 0.152 | −3.13 | (−6.86 to 0.60) | 0.100 |
| Quantile 4 | −0.17 | (−4.48 to 4.14) | 0.938 | −0.18 | (−4.35 to 3.99) | 0.932 |
| Per 1 kg increase | 0.01 | (−0.15 to 0.18) | 0.894 | 0.00 | (−0.17 to 0.16) | 0.954 |
| Inferior | ||||||
| Quantile 1 | 1.00 (Ref) | 1.00 (Ref) | ||||
| Quantile 2 | 8.57 | (4.00 to 13.14) | <0.001 | 7.26 | (2.83 to 11.69) | 0.001 |
| Quantile 3 | 12.88 | (8.07 to 17.69) | <0.001 | 10.16 | (5.48 to 14.83) | <0.001 |
| Quantile 4 | 15.89 | (10.58 to 21.20) | <0.001 | 14.28 | (9.09 to 19.46) | <0.001 |
| Per 1 kg increase | 0.59 | (0.39 to 0.79) | <0.001 | 0.51 | (0.31 to 0.70) | <0.001 |
| Nasal | ||||||
| Quantile 1 | 1.00 (Ref) | 1.00 (Ref) | ||||
| Quantile 2 | 2.56 | (−0.42 to 5.53) | 0.092 | 1.23 | (−1.74 to 4.19) | 0.417 |
| Quantile 3 | 2.05 | (−1.09 to 5.20) | 0.201 | 0.97 | (−2.16 to 4.10) | 0.543 |
| Quantile 4 | 4.62 | (1.07 to 8.16) | 0.011 | 3.00 | (−0.56 to 6.55) | 0.098 |
| Per 1 kg increase | 0.19 | (0.06 to 0.33) | 0.005 | 0.13 | (−0.01 to 0.26) | 0.070 |
| Temporal | ||||||
| Quantile 1 | 1.00 (Ref) | 1.00 (Ref) | ||||
| Quantile 2 | 0.94 | (−2.28 to 4.16) | 0.566 | 1.37 | (−1.83 to 4.56) | 0.402 |
| Quantile 3 | 1.16 | (−2.23 to 4.56) | 0.501 | 1.30 | (−2.08 to 4.67) | 0.452 |
| Quantile 4 | −0.80 | (−4.57 to 2.98) | 0.680 | −0.55 | (−4.32 to 3.22) | 0.775 |
| Per 1 kg increase | 0.01 | (−0.13 to 0.16) | 0.887 | 0.02 | (−0.13 to 0.17) | 0.788 |
Bold indicates statistically significant.
*Model 1: adjusted for age and sex.
†Model 2: adjusted for age, gender, axial length, haemoglobin A1c, diabetes duration, use of insulin, height, weight, systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure.
pRNFL, peripapillary retinal nerve fibre.