Diagnostic accuracy of LUS
| Study | Setting | Reference standard | Hours or days of LUS training | Experience in LUS or US in general | Pneumonia positive (n) / Total number of patients examined for pneumonia (N) | Sensitivity (95% CI) | Specificity (95% CI) |
| Amatya et al38 | ED | CT | 1 hour | 1 week | 44/62 | 0.91 (0.78 to 0.98)§ | 0.61 (0.36 to 0.83)§ |
| Corradi et al18 | ED | CT | – | >10 years* | 44/62† | 0.68 (0.52 to 0.81)§ | 0.95 (0.75 to 1.00)§ |
| Fares et al22 | ICU | CT | – | – | 30/38 | 0.93 (0.78 to 0.99)§ | 0.75 (0.35 to 0.97)§ |
| Karimi et al39 | ED | CT | – | – | 280/280 | 0.94 (0.90 to 0.96) | Not calculable |
| Liu et al31 | ED | CT | 28 hours | >50 scans | 112/179 | 0.95 (0.89 to 0.98)§ | 0.99 (0.92 to 1.00)§ |
| Nazerian et al32 | ED | CT | – | >1 year | 87/285 | 0.83 (0.73 to 0.90) | 0.96 (0.92 to 0.98) |
| Taghizadieh et al35 | ED | CT | – | – | 29/30 | 1.00 (0.95 to 1.00) | Not calculable |
| Parlamento et al34 | ED | CXR/CT | – | >10 years | 32/49 | 0.97 (0.84 to 1.00)§ | No conclusive data |
| Reissig et al20 | Multicentre‡ | CXR/CT | – | >100 scans | 226/356 | 0.93 (0.89 to 0.96) | 0.98 (0.89 to 0.96) |
| Unluer et al37 | ED | CXR/CT | 6 hours | – | 28/72 | 0.96 (0.82 to 1.00) | 0.84 (0.70 to 0.93) |
| Benci et al17 | Department of infectious diseases | QA | – | – | 37/80 | 1.00 (0.91 to 1.00)§ | 1.00 (0.92 to 1.00)§ |
| Bitar et al29 | ICU | QA | – | – | 11/11 | 0.99a | 0.80a |
| Bourcier et al30 | ED | QA | 2 days | – | 123/144 | 0.95 (0.90 to 0.98)§ | 0.57 (0.34 to 0.78)§ |
| Cipollini et al27 | Medicine /geriatric ward | QA | – | >1 year | 128/128 | 0.82 (0.74 to 0.88)§ | Not calculable |
| Cortellaro et al19 | ED | QA | – | – | 81/120 | 0.99 (0.93 to 1.00) | 0.95 (0.83 to 0.99) |
| Pagano et al33 | ED | QA | – | >2 years | 68/105 | 0.99 (0.94 to 1.00) | 0.65 (0.56 to 0.67) |
| Ticinesi et al36 | Geriatric ward | QA | – | >1 year | 97/169 | 0.92 (0.86 to 0.97) | 0.94 (0.89 to 0.99) |
*Data collected by correspondence with author.
†Hemithoraxes.
‡Two university hospitals, seven hospitals of internal medicine, one hospital of pulmonary medicine, two practices, two EDs.
§95% CI calculated from true positives, false negatives, true negatives and false negatives. (Clopper-Pearson method).
-, not described; CXR, chest X-ray; ED, emergency department; ICU, intensive care unit; LUS, lung ultrasonography; QA, qualitative assessment; US, ultrasonography.