Distribution of household direct, indirect and total cost of HIV and TB care across main cost category in Ethiopia (expressed in $)
| Cost category ($) | HIV (n=1006) | TB (n=729) | ||||
| Outpatient (per year) | Inpatient (per single visit) | Total | Outpatient (per TB episode) | Inpatient (per single visit) | Total | |
| (I) Direct medical cost | ||||||
| Consultation fee | ||||||
| Mean (SD) | 6 (15) | 1 (5) | 6 (15) | 2 (5) | 11 (16) | 3 (7) |
| Median (IQR) | 0 (0–6) | 0 (0–1) | 0 (0–5) | 1 (0–2) | 7 (1–14) | 1 (0–2) |
| Investigation cost | ||||||
| Mean (SD) | 14 (45) | 9 (19) | 15 (47) | 8 (13) | 14 (16) | 9 (15) |
| Median (IQR) | 0 (0–11) | 0 (0–9) | 1 (0–12) | 4 (0–12) | 7 (3–18) | 5 (0–13) |
| Drug cost* | ||||||
| Mean (SD) | 12 (40) | 22 (63) | 16 (48) | 7 (14) | 16 (21) | 8 (16) |
| Median (IQR) | 0 (0–10) | 4 (0–19) | 1 (0–13) | 1 (0–10) | 8 (3–20) | 2 (0–10) |
| Subtotal | ||||||
| Mean (SD) | 32 (88) | 32 (77) | 37 (98) | 17 (24) | 40 (37) | 20 (30) |
| Median (IQR) | 4 (0–34) | 8 (0–32) | 6 (0–38) | 10 (1–22) | 30 (16–45) | 11 (1–25) |
| (II) Direct non-medical cost | ||||||
| Transportation fee | ||||||
| Mean (SD) | 11 (55) | 19 (34) | 13 (53) | 8 (10) | 7 (7) | 8 (10) |
| Median (IQR) | 2 (0–8) | 6 (0–20) | 3 (0–9) | 5 (2–11) | 7 (3–9) | 5 (2–11) |
| Food/accommodation | ||||||
| Mean (SD) | 3 (50) | 10 (30) | 5 (48) | 23 (29) | 28 (34) | 25 (31) |
| Median (IQR) | 0 | 0 (0–5) | 0 | 15 (7–27) | 16 (7–38) | 16 (7–29) |
| Subtotal | ||||||
| Mean (SD) | 14 (80) | 29 (49) | 17 (76) | 31 (34) | 35 (36) | 33 (37) |
| Median (IQR) | 2 (0–8) | 10 (0–38) | 3 (0–10) | 21 (11–38) | 20 (9–44) | 21 (12–40) |
| Total direct cost | ||||||
| Mean (SD) | 46 (142) | 60 (113) | 54 (144) | 48 (50) | 75 (68) | 53 (59) |
| Median (IQR) | 12 (1–45) | 22 (4–74) | 15 (2–57) | 35 (17–61) | 54 (26–94) | 36 (18–64) |
| (III) Indirect cost | ||||||
| Foregone income before treatment† | ||||||
| Mean (SD) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 11 (28) | 0 | 11 (26) |
| Median (IQR) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 (0–5) | 0 | 0 (0–3) |
| Foregone income during treatment | ||||||
| Mean (SD) | 11 (44) | 22 (41) | 16 (50) | 11 (26) | 12 (31) | 10 (26) |
| Median (IQR) | 0 | 8 (3–19) | 0 (0–8) | 0 (0–4) | 0 | 0 (0–3) |
| Time loss related cost | ||||||
| Mean (SD) | 6 (19) | 14 (52) | 8 (30) | 42 (59) | 18 (24) | 42 (58) |
| Median (IQR) | 2 (1–4) | 2 (1–7) | 2 (1–5) | 27 (14–49) | 8 (5–22) | 27 (14–49) |
| Subtotal | ||||||
| Mean (SD) | 17 (54) | 35 (75) | 24 (66) | 62 (84) | 30 (37) | 63 (83) |
| Median (IQR) | 3 (1–8) | 13 (5–32) | 4 (2–17) | 36 (17–77) | 9 (5–39) | 36 (17–78) |
| (IV) Total cost | ||||||
| Mean (SD) | 63 (165) | 96 (139) | 78 (170) | 110 (114) | 105 (78) | 115 (118) |
| Median (IQR) | 20 (5–63) | 52 (25–109) | 27 (7–80) | 79 (46–140) | 87(39-158) | 81 (47–150) |
*Drug other than anti-retroviral and anti-TB drugs.
†Not captured in HIV survey.