Multivariate binary logistic regression on factors associated with high waist circumference (abdominal obesity)†
| Variable | Men | Women | ||||
| Model 1‡ | Model 2‡ | Model 3‡ | Model 1‡ | Model 2‡ | Model 3‡ | |
| OR (95% CI)§ | AOR (95% CI)§ | AOR (95% CI)§ | OR (95% CI)§ | AOR (95% CI)§ | AOR (95% CI)§ | |
| Age group | ||||||
| 25–34 | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference |
| 35–44 | 1.63 (1.08 to 2.47)* | 2.04 (1.21 to 3.43)** | 1.62 (0.96 to 2.74) | 2.06 (1.52 to 2.80)*** | 2.17 (1.60 to 2.92)*** | 2.04 (1.49 to 2.77)*** |
| 45–54 | 1.89 (1.19 to 3.00)** | 2.50 (1.41 to 4.43)** | 1.97 (1.14 to 3.38)** | 1.91 (1.38 to 2.65)*** | 1.91 (1.34 to 2.72)*** | 1.91 (1.33 to 2.74)*** |
| 55–64 | 2.26 (1.36 to 3.75)** | 2.24 (1.16 to 4.34)* | 1.90 (0.96 to 3.75) | 3.57 (2.32 to 5.49)*** | 3.39 (2.07 to 5.56)*** | 3.19 (2.09 to 4.87)*** |
| Ethnicity | ||||||
| Mandinka | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference |
| Wollof | 1.12 (0.43 to 2.90) | 1.11 (0.51 to 2.43) | 1.06 (0.40 to 2.78) | 0.92 (0.58 to 1.46) | 1.01 (0.64 to 1.58) | 0.81 (0.51 to 1.28) |
| Fula | 0.96 (0.49 to 1.91) | 1.05 (0.51 to 2.15) | 0.90 (0.45 to 1.76) | 0.79 (0.55 to 1.13) | 0.82 (0.55 to 1.21) | 0.69 (0.48 to 0.99)* |
| Jola | 1.22 (0.60 to 2.51) | 0.86 (0.41 to 1.80) | 1.02 (0.49 to 2.12) | 0.94 (0.62 to 1.42) | 0.82 (0.49 to 1.36) | 0.97 (0.62 to 1.53) |
| Others | 0.81 (0.38 to 1.74) | 0.71 (0.30 to 1.67) | 0.63 (0.27 to 1.44) | 0.58 (0.33 to 1.01) | 1.00 (0.54 to 1.84) | 0.74 (0.43 to 1.28) |
| Years spent in school | ||||||
| ≤6 | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference |
| 7–12 | 0.96 (0.58 to 1.59) | 0.97 (0.60 to 1.59) | 0.86 (0.50 to 1.46) | 0.84 (0.59 to 1.20) | 1.10 (0.78 to 1.55) | 0.81 (0.61 to 1.09) |
| >12 | 1.21 (0.65 to 2.28) | 1.25 (0.68 to 2.31) | 1.06 (0.58 to 1.97) | 0.75 (0.32 to 1.76) | 0.92 (0.37 to 2.24) | 0.82 (0.32 to 2.06) |
| Residence (local government area) | ||||||
| LRR | Reference | Reference | – | Reference | Reference | – |
| CRR | 1.75 (0.32 to 9.53) | 1.92 (0.44 to 8.32) | – | 0.89 (0.33 to 2.41) | 1.20 (0.45 to 3.18) | – |
| NBR | 1.94 (0.66 to 5.65) | 1.63 (0.55 to 4.85) | – | 1.18 (0.64 to 2.20) | 1.08 (0.57 to 2.06) | – |
| URR | 0.08 (0.01 to 0.65)** | 0.14 (0.02 to 0.98)* | – | 0.24 (0.11 to 0.51)*** | 0.26 (0.11 to 0.65)** | – |
| WCR | 2.66 (1.02 to 6.96) | 2.43 (0.94 to 6.32) | – | 1.62 (0.83 to 3.15) | 1.59 (0.79 to 3.20) | – |
| Banjul and KM | 0.71 (0.25 to 2.03 | 0.71 (0.24 to 2.07) | – | 0.32 (0.15 to 0.71) | 0.37 (0.14 to 1.00) | – |
| Residence (rurality) | ||||||
| Rural | Reference | – | Reference | Reference | – | Reference |
| Semiurban | 0.32 (0.12 to 0.82)** | – | 0.36 (0.15 to 0.90)* | 1.53 (0.75 to 3.10) | – | 2.11 (1.21 to 3.68)** |
| Urban | 0.89 (0.45 to 1.75) | – | 0.82 (0.41 to 1.65) | 0.82 (0.49 to 1.37) | – | 0.97 (0.58 to 1.62) |
| Smoking¶ | ||||||
| Never smokers | Reference | Reference | Reference | – | – | – |
| Current smokers | 0.72 (0.42 to 1.26) | 0.49 (0.28 to 0.86)** | 0.60 (0.35 to 1.03) | – | – | – |
| Ex-smokers | 1.44 (0.92 to 2.27) | 1.24 (0.81 to 1.91) | 1.56 (1.04 to 2.36)* | – | – | – |
| Servings of fruit and vegetables | ||||||
| ≥5/day | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference |
| <5/day | 0.63 (0.40 to 0.99)* | 0.61 (0.37 to 1.01) | 0.59 (0.37 to 0.93)* | 0.95 (0.64 to 1.42) | 0.86 (0.50 to 1.49) | 0.81 (0.48 to 1.20) |
| Physical activity | ||||||
| <600 METS/week | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference |
| ≥600 METS/week | 0.78 (0.37 to 1.63) | 1.81 (0.81 to 4.06) | 1.52 (0.65 to 3.57) | 0.64 (0.32 to 1.30) | 1.46 (0.81 to 2.62) | 1.22 (0.71 to 2.10) |
Data shown have been weighted for non-response and the analysis took into account the complex survey design.
*P<0.05, **P≤0.01, ***P≤0.001.
†Based on the definition of the International Diabetes Federation (high waist circumference, indicating abdominal obesity, defined as ≥90 cm in men and ≥80 cm in women).
‡Model 1 adjusted for age only; model 2 adjusted for all variables except local government area; model 3 adjusted for all variables except rurality.
§OR adjusted for age (except for age group as the independent variable). Adjusted OR (AOR), fully adjusted.
¶Smoking status not included in the analyses for women due to the low prevalence.
CRR, Central River Region; KM, Kanifing Municipality; LRR, Lower River Region; METS, metabolic equivalents; NBR, North Bank Region; URR, Upper River Region; WCR, West Coast Region.