Table 1

Characteristics of the included studies

Study	Location of study	Sampling methods	Sample size	No. of patients with PTSD	Measurements	Data collection	Quality
Fabian et al38	USA	Convenience sampling	238	80	PCL-C	Self-report questionnaire	Moderate
Chen et al39	China	Unclear	535	142	PCL-C	Self-report questionnaire	Moderate
Spies et al40	South Africa	Convenience sampling	68	10	DTS	Self-report questionnaire	Moderate
Verhey et al41	Zimbabwe	Random sampling	91	22	CAPS	Clinical interview	Moderate
Gao et al42	China	Convenience sampling	520	89	PCL-C	Self-report questionnaire	Moderate
McLean et al43	USA	Convenience sampling	42	12	PSS	Clinical interview	Moderate
Kemppainen et al25	USA	Convenience sampling	60	26	PCL-C	Self-report questionnaire	Low
Gonzalez et al24	USA	Convenience sampling	137	47	PDS	Self-report questionnaire	Moderate
Rubin et al44	USA	Convenience sampling	1004	174	PCL-C	Self-report questionnaire	Moderate
John et al45	USA	Consecutive sampling	359	44	Breslau	Self-report questionnaire	Moderate
Siyahhan Julnes et al14	USA	Convenience sampling	114	39	CDQ	Self-report questionnaire	Moderate
Zhang et al46	China	Convenience sampling	243	106	PCL-C	Self-report questionnaire	Low
Battaglia et al47	USA	Convenience sampling	200	72	PTSD checklist	Self-report questionnaire	Moderate
Hansrod et al48	South Africa	Convenience sampling	114	29	MINI	Clinical interview	Moderate
Brownley et al49	USA	Unclear	220	78	PSS	Self-report questionnaire	Moderate
Malee et al50	USA	Convenience sampling	1223	281	CDQ	Self-report questionnaire	High
Glémaud et al51	USA	Unclear	96	33	PRIME MD PHQ	Clinical interview	Low
Gore-Felton et al52	USA	Convenience sampling	94	28	PCL-C	Self-report questionnaire	Low
Glover et al53	USA	Convenience sampling	99	24	PDS	Self-report questionnaire	High
Dévieux et al54	Haiti	Convenience sampling	104	52	PCL-C	Self-report questionnaire	Moderate
Gard et al55	Rwanda	Unclear	705	380	HTS	Self-report questionnaire	Moderate
Peterson et al56	Gambia	Consecutive sampling	153	46	IES-R	Self-report questionnaire	High
Kinyanda et al57	Uganda	Consecutive sampling	618	10	MINI	Clinical interview	Moderate
Bogart et al58	USA	Convenience sampling	181	72	PDS	Self-report questionnaire	Moderate
Martin et al59	UK	Convenience sampling	85	46	CIDI	Clinical interview	Moderate
Reisner et al60	USA	Convenience sampling	63	16	AUDADIS-IV	Clinical interview	Moderate
Theuninck et al61	UK	Convenience sampling	100	33	PCL-C	Self-report questionnaire	Low
Joska et al62	South Africa	Unclear	536	164	HTS	Self-report questionnaire	Moderate
Adewuya et al63	Nigeria	Unclear	190	52	MINI	Clinical interview	Moderate
Spies et al64	South Africa	Unclear	429	92	MINI	Clinical interview	Moderate
Fincham et al65	South Africa	Consecutive sampling	456	23	MINI	Clinical interview	Moderate
Zanjani et al66	USA	Random sampling	109	13	MINI	Clinical interview	Moderate
Israelski et al67	USA	Unclear	210	71	PCL-C	Self-report questionnaire	Low
Boarts et al68	USA	Convenience sampling	57	24	PDS	Self-report questionnaire	Moderate
Leserman et al69	USA	Consecutive sampling	611	98	PTSD checklist	Self-report questionnaire	High
Olley et al70	South Africa	Consecutive sampling	149	42	MINI	Clinical interview	Moderate
Vitiello et al71	USA	Probability sample	1489	155	CIDI	Clinical interview	Moderate
Martinez et al72	USA	Consecutive sampling	41	17	PCL-C	Self-report questionnaire	Moderate

*Total number of adults living with HIV.
AUDADIS-IV, The Alcohol Use Disorder and Associated Disabilities Interview Schedule-IV; CAPS, Clinician Administered Post-traumatic Stress scale; CDQ, Client Diagnostic Questionnaire; CIDI, Clinical Interview for Diagnosis for DSM-IV; DIS-IV, Diagnostic Interview Schedule for DSM-IV diagnoses; DTS, Davidson Trauma Scale; HTS, Harvard Trauma Scale; IES-R, Impact of Event Scale-Revised; MINI, Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview; PCL-C, Post-traumatic Stress Disorder Checklist-Civilian Version; PDS, Post-traumatic Stress Diagnostic Scale⁠—Self-report version; PRIME MD PHQ, Primary Care Evaluation of Mental Disorders Patient Health Questionnaire; PSS, Post-traumatic Stress Symptom Scale; PTSD checklist, post-traumatic stress disorder checklist.