Table 1

Eligibility criteria

Patient
Inclusion criteriaAge ≥21 years
Lack of decision-making capacity as determined by the clinical examination of the attending physician
At least one of the following:

  1. ≥96 hours of mechanical ventilation.

  2. ≥40% chance of hospital mortality as judged by the patient’s attending physician.

  3. ≥40% chance of severe long-term functional impairment as judged by the patient’s attending physician.

Exclusion criteriaLack of surrogate decisions maker
Imminent organ transplantation
Surrogate
 Inclusion criteriaClinical surrogate decision-maker, identified as the person making decisions for the patient.
 Exclusion criteriaAge <18 years
Unable to read and understand English.
Unable to cannot complete questionnaires due to physical or cognitive limitations.
Clinician
 Inclusion criteriaPARTNER nurses (eg, nurse leaders, social workers).
Treating clinicians (eg, bedside nurses).
 Exclusion criteriaNone

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