Prevalence of disability and specific IADL and BADL limitations by frailty status
| Disability | Prevalence across total sample and by frailty status (95% CI), % | |||
| All | Robust | Prefrail | Frail | |
| Self-reported disability | ||||
| ≥1 IADL limitations | 32.8 (28.7 to 37.2) | 13.4 (9.3 to 18.9) | 31.4 (26.0 to 37.3) | 84.4 (68.9 to 93.0) |
| ≥1 physical IADL limitations | 27.0 (23.7 to 30.6) | 11.1 (7.1 to 17.2) | 22.3 (17.9 to 27.4) | 79.8 (66.9 to 88.6) |
| ≥1 cognitive IADL limitations | 18.6 (15.1 to 22.7) | 4.7 (2.5 to 8.7) | 15.1 (10.8 to 20.8) | 62.5 (44.2 to 77.9) |
| ≥1 BADL limitations | 7.2 (5.0 to 10.4) | 0.0 | 2.7 (1.1 to 6.2) | 38.7 (26.1 to 53.1) |
| Specific limitations in IADL | ||||
| Physical IADL | ||||
| Shopping | 19.6 (16.6 to 23.1) | 4.1 (1.6 to 9.7) | 16.1 (12.4 to 20.7) | 67.9 (55.6 to 78.1) |
| Food preparation | 18.1 (14.9 to 22.0) | 8.2 (4.9 to 13.4) | 11.9 (8.8 to 15.9) | 61.7 (49.7 to 72.4) |
| Mode of transportation | 7.3 (5.1 to 10.5) | 0.0 | 3.2 (1.2 to 8.3) | 37.8 (26.3 to 50.8) |
| Housekeeping | 4.8 (3.1 to 7.4) | 0.0 | 1.0 (0.3 to 3.3) | 28.1 (19.9 to 38.2) |
| Laundry | 4.5 (2.5 to 7.7) | 0.4 (0.0 to 5.2) | 0.7 (0.2 to 2.7) | 26.0 (14.7 to 41.8) |
| Cognitive IADL | ||||
| Responsibility of own medication | 11.7 (9.1 to 15.0) | 1.7 (0.5 to 5.2) | 8.3 (5.5 to 12.2) | 46.6 (32.8 to 60.9) |
| Ability to use telephone | 9.5 (7.1 to 12.5) | 3.2 (1.4 to 7.6) | 7.6 (4.5 to 12.5) | 30.5 (18.7 to 45.5) |
| Ability to handle finances | 7.4 (5.1 to 10.6) | 0.5 (0.0 to 5.5) | 3.7 (1.6 to 7.9) | 35.7 (22.4 to 51.6) |
| Specific limitations in BADL | ||||
| Feeding | 4.2 (2.5 to 6.9) | 0.0 | 0.7 (0.1 to 3.4) | 25.1 (15.1 to 38.8) |
| Bathing | 3.7 (2.4 to 5.7) | 0.0 | 0.7 (0.1 to 4.7) | 22.0 (14.7 to 31.6) |
| Dressing | 3.5 (1.6 to 7.7) | 0.0 | 0.3 (0.0 to 3.9) | 22.1 (9.8 to 42.4) |
| Toilet use | 3.1 (1.6 to 5.7) | 0.0 | 0.2 (0.0 to 2.4) | 19.4 (10.2 to 33.8) |
| Grooming | 2.4 (1.2 to 4.8) | 0.0 | 0.5 (0.1 to 2.0) | 14.4 (7.3 to 26.4) |
| Transfers | 2.4 (1.2 to 4.9) | 0.0 | 0.5 (0.0 to 6.0) | 14.3 (6.5 to 28.7) |
| Stairs | 2.1 (1.0 to 4.3) | 0.0 | 0.4 (0.1 to 3.3) | 12.4 (6.0 to 23.9) |
| Mobility | 1.5 (0.4 to 5.0) | 0.0 | 0.0 | 9.8 (3.0 to 27.7) |
| Bladder | 0.5 (0.1 to 2.2) | 0.0 | 0.1 (0.0 to 1.5) | 2.8 (0.5 to 13.3) |
| Bowels | 0.4 (0.0 to 3.1) | 0.0 | 0.0 | 2.3 (0.3 to 17.5) |
BADL, basic activities of daily living; IADL, instrumental activities of daily living.