Table 1

Examples of selected interventions for rehabilitation

Intervention	Definition	Examples
Patient education and self-management	Teaching patients skills that they can use to manage their health condition	Learning disease-specific information Learning general managing skills (eg, problem solving, finding and using community resources, working with healthcare team) Learning strategies to increase confidence (ie, self-efficacy) in ability to engage in behaviours that are needed to manage their condition on a daily basis Adequate peer role models and support networks that facilitate the initiation and maintenance of desired behavioural changes
Exercise	A subcategory of physical activity that is planned, structured, repetitive and purposeful; can be supervised (eg, by a healthcare professional) or unsupervised	Stretching Strengthening Range of motion exercises Aerobic (eg, swimming, cycling, walking, running) Anaerobic (eg, jumping, sprinting, weight lifting)
Manual therapies	Manipulation: techniques incorporating a high-velocity low-amplitude impulse or thrust applied at or near the end of a joint’s passive range of motion Mobilisation: techniques incorporating a low-velocity and small or large amplitude oscillatory movement, within a joint’s passive range of motion Traction: manual or mechanically assisted application of an intermittent or continuous distractive force Soft tissue therapy: a mechanical form of therapy where soft-tissue structures are pressed and kneaded, using physical contact with the hand or mechanical device	Lumbar manipulation, mobilisation or traction Massage Muscle energy technique Strain counterstrain
Passive physical modalities	A form of cold, heat or light application affecting the body at the skin level or ultrasonic or electromagnetic radiation affecting structures beneath the skin surface: Passive assistive devices: device to encourage immobilisation in anatomic positions or actively inhibit or prevent movement	Heat application: heat pack, hydrotherapy Cryotherapy: cold pack, vapocoolant spray Low-level laser Electrical muscle stimulation Pulsed electromagnetic therapy
Acupuncture	Any body needling, moxibustion, electric acupuncture, laser acupuncture, microsystem acupuncture and acupressure	Traditional needling Dry needling Burning of specific herbs Electroacupuncture Photoacupuncture
Pharmacological interventions	A substance used in treating disease or relieving pain	Acetaminophen Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs Muscle relaxants Antidepressants
Psychological interventions	Activities used to modify behaviour, emotional state or feelings	Cognitive behavioural therapy Counselling Social network and environment-based therapies Psychoeducational interventions Mindfulness meditation
Assistive technologies	Any item, piece of equipment or product system, used to increase, maintain or improve the functional capabilities of people with disabilities	Walking aids Orthoses Braces Wheelchairs