Baseline characteristics of participants according to RHR
| Q1 (n=10 349) | Q2 (n=7589) | Q3 (n=9086) | Q4 (n=10 127) | Q5 (n=9410) | F / χ2 | P value | |
| Age (years) | 55.95±11.18 | 52.51±11.25 | 54.29±10.97 | 53.37±11.27 | 53.40±11.72 | 118.39 | <0.01 |
| Sex (male, %) | 85.58 | 86.66 | 84.18 | 87.14 | 86.48 | 39.86 | <0.01 |
| RHR (beats per minute) | 63.23±4.36 | 70.07±0.41 | 73.14±1.35 | 78.66±1.66 | 90.73±8.00 | 53 523.5 | <0.01 |
| SBP (mm Hg) | 145.69±16.86 | 145.88±16.90 | 147.09±17.57 | 148.12±17.58 | 150.47±18.91 | 109.05 | <0.01 |
| DBP (mm Hg) | 90.70±9.53 | 92.44±9.49 | 92.91±9.90 | 93.89±10.54 | 94.75±11.17 | 214.30 | <0.01 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 25.88±3.31 | 26.09±3.37 | 26.06±3.46 | 26.07±3.47 | 25.79±3.62 | 12.86 | <0.01 |
| TG (mmol/L) | 1.74±1.34 | 1.93±1.53 | 1.84±1.45 | 1.90±1.51 | 2.04±1.69 | 49.19 | <0.01 |
| LDL-C (mmol/L) | 2.38±1.00 | 2.51±0.94 | 2.51±0.99 | 2.58±0.99 | 2.48±0.92 | 53.45 | <0.01 |
| HDL-C (mmol/L) | 1.56±0.44 | 1.58±0.41 | 1.54±0.43 | 1.53±0.40 | 1.58±0.44 | 20.69 | <0.01 |
| FBG (mmol/L) | 5.43±1.47 | 5.55±1.61 | 5.67±1.74 | 5.80±1.86 | 6.15±2.32 | 207.52 | <0.01 |
| Diabetes (%) | 8.67 | 9.53 | 10.32 | 12.63 | 16.25 | 316.85 | <0.01 |
| Physical exercise (%) | 18.57 | 16.37 | 21.56 | 17.87 | 14.09 | 177.32 | <0.01 |
| Smoking (%) | 39.72 | 39.05 | 42.23 | 43.66 | 40.85 | 49.70 | <0.01 |
| Drinking (%) | 42.06 | 39.86 | 42.49 | 43.79 | 40.85 | 31.08 | <0.01 |
| Antihypertensive medication (%) | 24.60 | 18.05 | 22.23 | 21.77 | 21.39 | 98.01 | <0.01 |
| History of myocardial infarction | 1.91 | 1.54 | 1.68 | 1.67 | 1.51 | 5.77 | 0.217 |
| History of stroke | 4.10 | 2.95 | 3.21 | 3.23 | 3.00 | 25.55 | <0.001 |
Q1: RHR ≤68 bpm; Q2: RHR >68 and ≤72 bpm; Q3: RHR >72 and ≤76 bpm; Q4: RHR >76 and ≤82 bpm; Q5: RHR >82 bpm.
BMI, body mass index; bpm, beats per minute; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; FBG, fasting blood glucose; HDL-C, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; LDL-C, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; RHR, resting heart rate; SBP, systolic blood pressure; TG, triglycerides.