Definitions of 5C | 5C (US)—English version of 5C items | 5C (DE)—German version of 5C items |
Confidence | α=0.85 | |
“trust in (i) the effectiveness and safety of vaccines, (ii) the system that delivers them, including the reliability and competence of the health services and health professionals, and (iii) the motivations of policy-makers who decide on the need of vaccines”3 (p4162) | I am completely confident that vaccines are safe. | Ich habe vollstes Vertrauen in die Sicherheit von Impfungen. |
Vaccinations are effective. | Impfungen sind effektiv. | |
Regarding vaccines, I am confident that public authorities decide in the best interest of the community. | Was Impfen anbelangt, vertraue ich darauf, dass staatliche Behörden immer im besten Interesse für die Allgemeinheit entscheiden. | |
Complacency | α=0.76 | |
“perceived risks of vaccine-preventable diseases are low and vaccination is not deemed a necessary preventive action”3 (p4162) | Vaccination is unnecessary because vaccine-preventable diseases are not common anymore. | Impfungen sind überflüssig, da Krankheiten, gegen die man sich impfen lassen kann, kaum noch auftreten. |
My immune system is so strong; it also protects me against diseases. | Mein Immunsystem ist so stark, es schützt mich auch vor Erkrankungen. | |
Vaccine-preventable diseases are not so severe that I should be vaccinated. | Krankheiten, gegen die man sich impfen lassen kann, sind nicht so schlimm, dass ich mich gegen sie impfen lassen müsste. | |
Constraints | α=0.85 | |
“physical availability, affordability and willingness-to-pay, geographical accessibility, ability to understand (language and health literacy) and appeal of immunization service affect uptake”3 (p4163) | Everyday stress prevents me from being vaccinated. | Alltagsstress hält mich davon ab, mich impfen zu lassen. |
For me, it is inconvenient to be vaccinated. | Es ist für mich aufwändig, eine Impfung zu erhalten. | |
Visiting the doctor makes me feel uncomfortable; this keeps me from being vaccinated. | Mein Unwohlsein bei Arztbesuchen hält mich vom Impfen ab. | |
Calculation | α=0.78 | |
individuals’ engagement in extensive information searching; deliberate comparison of the risks of infections and vaccination from which to derive an informed decision2 | When I think about being vaccinated, I weigh its benefits and risks to make the best decision possible. | Wenn ich daran denke, mich impfen zu lassen, wäge ich Nutzen und Risiken ab, um die bestmögliche Entscheidung zu treffen. |
For each and every vaccination, I closely consider whether it is useful for me. | Ich überlege für jede Impfung sehr genau, ob sie sinnvoll für mich ist. | |
It is important for me to fully understand the topic of vaccination before I get vaccinated. | Ein volles Verständnis über die Thematik der Impfung ist mir wichtig, bevor ich mich impfen lasse. | |
Collective responsibility | α=0.71 | |
“willingness to protect others by one’s own vaccination by means of herd immunity (flip side: willingness to have a free ride when a sufficient number of other people are vaccinated)”2 (p7). | When everyone else is vaccinated, I don’t have to be vaccinated, too. (R) | Wenn alle geimpft sind, brauche ich mich nicht auch noch impfen zu lassen. (R) |
I get vaccinated because I can also protect people with a weaker immune system. | Ich lasse mich impfen, weil ich auch Menschen mit einem schwachen Immunsystem schützen kann. | |
Vaccination is a collective action to prevent the spread of diseases. | Impfen ist eine gemeinschaftliche Maßnahme, um die Verbreitung von Krankheiten zu verhindern. |
Instruction for the 5C scale: “Please evaluate how much you disagree or agree with the following statements.” (1=strongly disagree, 2=moderately disagree, 3=slightly disagree, 4=neutral (or: neither disagree nor agree), 5=slightly agree, 6=moderately agree, 7=strongly agree). Scoring: mean score across items per antecedent. Each item with (R) is reverse-coded. The items used for the short scale are in bold font. Cronbach’s α refers to the English version (as published in Betsch et al2). The German translation of the collective responsibility scale has not yet been tested in a German sample.
5C, scale to assess five psychological antecedents of vaccination.