Table 2

Basic characteristics of the participants

Variables	Overall	Survey 1	Survey 2	Survey 3	Survey 4
Gender
Male	49.5	49.4	49.6	49.7	49.5
Female	50.5	50.6	50.4	50.3	50.5
Age (years)
19–29	17.6	18.2	17.1	17.8	17.3
30–39	18.6	18.2	18.5	18.8	19.1
40–49	21.7	20.7	22.5	21.5	22.1
50–59	19.6	20.0	19.4	19.4	19.7
60–69	13.0	14.0	13.1	11.8	13.1
≥70	9.4	8.9	9.4	10.8	8.7
Educational attainment
Middle school or below	15.1	13.6	15.4	15.7	15.6
High school	28.1	27.2	28.9	27.5	29.0
University	50.2	53.9	48.5	50.0	48.4
Graduate school	6.6	5.3	7.2	6.8	7.0
Occupation
Unemployed	8.7	8.9	8.7	7.8	9.3
Farming/forestry/fishery	3.9	3.6	3.2	5.0	3.6
Self-employed	15.3	13.6	14.1	18.7	14.7
Blue-collar	11.7	11.8	12.4	10.8	11.7
White-collar	28.2	28.9	26.8	29.1	28.0
Home maker	23.3	23.1	26.1	19.6	24.3
Student	9.1	10.1	8.7	9.0	8.4
Self-reported household economic status*
Upper	1.8	1.9	1.9	2.1	1.2
Upper middle	10.9	13.0	11.4	8.5	10.8
Middle	42.8	44.5	43.0	39.3	44.5
Lower middle	25.7	24.2	26.6	27.5	24.6
Lower	18.8	16.4	17.1	22.6	18.9
MERS-CoV-affected area
Non-affected area	48.8	47.6	49.5	49.0	49.0
Affected area	51.2	52.4	50.5	51.0	51.0
Residential area
Non-metropolitan	29.3	28.4	28.4	29.2	31.0
Metropolitan	70.7	71.6	71.6	70.8	69.0
Presidential job approval rating
Approval	32.3	33.1	29.1	32.6	34.2
Disapproval	58.6	57.6	60.6	58.4	57.9
No opinion	9.1	9.3	10.3	9.0	7.9
Party identification
Ruling party	39.8	39.9	39.7	39.6	40.2
Opposition party	28.6	26.2	28.5	29.4	30.2
No opinion	31.6	33.9	31.8	31.0	29.6
Affective risk perception*
Worried	53.8	55.0	62.8	52.2	44.9
Not worried	46.2	45.0	37.2	47.8	55.1
Cognitive risk perception*
Spread further	30.3	35.4	52.6	26.3	9.0
Settle down	69.7	64.6	47.4	73.7	91.0