Participant baseline characteristics
| SMS+I n=36 | SMS only n=33 | Control n=36 | Total n=105 | |
| Age (years), mean (SD) | 50.9 (14.2)* | 52.5 (15.1)† | 53.1 (10.1) | 52.2 (13.1)‡ |
| Waist circumference (cm), mean SD | 115.8 (10.0) | 114.9 (12.7) | 119.5 (12.2) | 116.8 (11.8) |
| Weight (kg), mean (SD) | 108.6 (16.4) | 107.8 (20.2) | 110.7 (19.0) | 109.1 (18.4) |
| Height (cm), mean (SD) | 175.9 (6.6) | 175.2 (6.7) | 173.8 (5.9) | 175.0 (6.4) |
| BMI (kg/m2), mean (SD) | 35.1 (5.3) | 35.1 (5.9) | 36.7 (6.5) | 35.7 (5.9) |
| BMI (kg/m2) categories, n (%) | ||||
| <30 | 5 (13.9) | 3 (9.1) | 3 (8.3) | 11 (10.5) |
| ≥30–>35 | 16 (44.4) | 19 (57.6) | 14 (38.9) | 49 (46.7) |
| ≥35–>40 | 10 (27.8) | 6 (18.2) | 7 (19.4) | 23 (21.8) |
| ≥40–>45 | 4 (11.1) | 2 (6.1) | 10 (27.8) | 16 (15.2) |
| ≥45–>50 | 0 (0.0) | 2 (6.1) | 1 (2. 8) | 3 (2.9) |
| ≥50 | 1 (2.8) | 1 (3.0) | 1 (2. 8) | 3 (2.9) |
| SIMD deprivation category, n (%) | ||||
| SIMD 1 (most disadvantaged) | 11 (31.4)* | 12 (36.4) | 15 (41.7) | 38 (36.5)§ |
| SIMD 2 | 8 (22.9)* | 9 (27.3) | 7 (19.4) | 24 (23.1)§ |
| SIMD 3 | 6 (17.1)* | 3 (9.1) | 3 (8.3) | 12 (11.5)§ |
| SIMD 4 | 4 (11.4)* | 4 (12.1) | 6 (16.7) | 14 (13.5)§ |
| SIMD 5 (least disadvantaged) | 6 (17.5)* | 5 (15.2) | 5 (13.9) | 16 (15.4)§ |
| Marital status, n (%) | ||||
| Cohabiting | 4 (11.1) | 2 (6.3) ¶ | 5 (13.8) | 11 (10.6)§ |
| Divorced | 2 (5.6) | 0 (0.0) ¶ | 2 (5.6) | 4 (3.9)§ |
| Married | 22 (61.1) | 21 (65.6)¶ | 17 (47.2) | 60 (57.7)§ |
| Separated | 1 (2.8) | 3 (9.4)¶ | 2 (5.6) | 6 (5.8)§ |
| Single | 7 (19.4) | 5 (15.6)¶ | 8 (22.2) | 20 (19.2)§ |
| Widowed | 0 (0) | 1 (3.1)¶ | 1 (2.8) | 2 (19.2)§ |
| Prefer not to say | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0)¶ | 1 (2.8) | 1 (1.0)§ |
| Comorbidities, n (%) | ||||
| Arthritis | 11 (30.6) | 3 (9.1) | 8 (22.2) | 22 (21.0) |
| Cancer | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (2.8) | 1 (1.0) |
| Diabetes | 4 (11.1) | 5 (15.2) | 6 (16.7) | 15 (14.3) |
| Myocardial infarction | 2 (5.6) | 1 (3.0) | 0 (0.0) | 3 (2.9) |
| Hypertension | 7 (19.4) | 8 (24.2) | 7 (19.4) | 22 (21.0) |
| Stroke (including TIA) | 1 (2.8) | 1 (3.0) | 0 (0.0) | 2 (1.9) |
| Ethnic group, n (%) | ||||
| Asian | 2 (5.6) | 1 (3.1)¶ | 1 (2.8) | 4 (3.8)§ |
| Black | 2 (5.6) | 1 (3.1)¶ | 1 (2.8) | 4 (3.8)§ |
| White | 32 (88.8) | 29 (90.7)¶ | 34 (94.4) | 95 (91.4)§ |
| Prefer not to say | 0 (0.0) | 1 (3.1) ¶ | 0 (0.0) | 1 (1.0)§ |
| Education, n (%) | ||||
| Bachelor degree (=SVQ5) | 7 (19.4) | 6 (19.5)† | 11 (30.6) | 24 (23.3)** |
| HNC/HND (=SVQ4) | 4 (11.1) | 6 (19.5)† | 2 (5.6) | 12 (11.6)** |
| Higher grade/advanced higher/A-level or equivalent (=SVQ3) | 3 (8.3) | 5 (16.1)† | 1 (2.8) | 9 (8.7) ** |
| Masters/PhD or equivalent | 1 (2.8) | 1 (3.2)† | 3 (8.3) | 5 (4.8)** |
| No formal qualifications | 7 (19.4) | 3 (9.7)† | 10 (27.8) | 20 (19.4)** |
| Standard grade/GCSE/intermediate 1 or 2 | 6 (16.7) | 7 (22.6)† | 4 (11.1) | 17 (16.5)** |
| Still studying | 2 (5.6) | 1 (3.2)† | 3 (8.3) | 6 (5.8) ** |
| Vocational qualifications (=SVQ1+2) | 4 (11.1) | 1 (3.2)† | 0 (0.0) | 5 (4.8) ** |
| Other | 0 (0.0) | 1 (3.2)† | 0 (0.0) | 1 (1.0) ** |
| Prefer not to say | 2 (5.6) | 0 (0.0)† | 2 (5.6) | 4 (3.9) ** |
| Working status, n (%) | ||||
| Full-time student | 4 (11.1) | 2 (6.3)¶ | 1 (2.8) | 7 (6.7) § |
| Employed – full time (30+ hours per week) | 16 (44.4) | 16 (50.0)¶ | 18 (50.0) | 50 (48.1) § |
| Employed – part time (8–29 hours per week) | 3 (8.3) | 3 (9.4)¶ | 0 (0.0) | 6 (5.8) § |
| Self-employed | 3 (8.3) | 3 (9.4)¶ | 1 (2.8) | 7 (6.7) § |
| Not in paid work | 2 (5.6) | 2 (6.2)¶ | 12 (33.3) | 16 (15.4) § |
| Retired | 8 (22.2) | 6 (18.7)¶ | 4 (11.1) | 18 (17.3) § |
| Household size, mean (SD) | 2.6 (1.3) | 2.6 (1.0) | 2.4 (1.4) | 2.5 (1.3) |
SIMD deprivation 1represents the most disadvantaged area, while quintile SIMD 5 represents the least disadvantaged area.
*N=35.
†N=31.
‡N=102.
§N=104.
¶N=32.
**N=103.
BMI, body mass index; GCSE, General Certificate of Secondary Education; HNC/HND, Higher National Diploma/Higher National Certificate; N, overall participants; n, participants within specific category; SIMD, Scottish Index for Multiple Deprivation; SVQ, Scottish Vocational Qualification.