Postoperative delirium and opioid doses
| TMH group (n=20) | TN group (n=20) | ||
| Premedication | |||
| Number of patients | 0 (0.0) | 2 (10.0) | |
| Mean midazolam dose (mg) | 0 | 1.75 | |
| Intraoperative opioid | |||
| Total dose (mg) | 21.67 (13.75–32.50) | 16.67 (10.00–22.50) | (p=0.22) |
| Received intravenous morphine | 2 (10.0) | 1 (5.0) | |
| Received intravenous fentanyl | 10 (50.0) | 14 (70.0) | |
| Received intravenous oxycodone | 9 (45.0) | 7 (35.0) | |
| Received intravenous tramadol | 4 (20.0) | 0 (0.0) | |
| Received intravenous clonidine | 0 (0.0) | 2 (10.0) | |
| Intrathecal morphine | |||
| Number of patients | 5 | 2 | |
| Mean dose (μg) | 220 | 350 | |
| Epidural analgesia | |||
| Number of patients | 0 | 0 | |
| Blood glucose level | |||
| Glucose (mmol/L) | 7.1 (7.0–7.1) | 6.6 (6.4 to 6.7) | (p=0.33) |
| Preoperative CAM | 0 (0.0–0.0) | 0 (0.0–0.0) | |
| Postoperative CAM | 0 (0.0–0.0) | 1.5 (0.0–3.0) | |
| Presence of postoperative delirium | 0 (0.0) | 6 (30.0) | (p=0.02) |
Data reported as median (IQR) or number (%).
Note some patients received two or more different intraoperative opioids.
Total dose of intraoperative opioid normalised to intravenous morphine equivalent.
CAM, Confusion Assessment Method; TMH, targeted mild hypercapnia; TN, targeted normocapnia.