Clinical factors between patient with and without weight gain in previous 12 months
| Variable | Number (%) or mean (SD) | *P value | |
| No weight gained (n=406) | Weight gained (n=223) | ||
| Patient’s demographics and medical history | |||
| Female (N, %) | 207 (51.9) | 112 (50.4) | 0.738 |
| Age (years) | 65.3±10.0 | 65.8±9.6 | 0.558 |
| Duration of DM (years) | 10.7±6.8 | 11.6±7.5 | 0.159 |
| Low sugar diet | 212 (52.7) | 104 (47.5) | 0.240 |
| Low calorie diet | 300 (50.0) | 95 (43.4) | 0.130 |
| No regular physical activity | 147 (36.3) | 65 (29.4) | 0.093 |
| Regular finger-stick glucose monitoring | 64 (15.8) | 47 (21.1) | 0.102 |
| Alcohol consumption | 103 (25.5) | 55 (24.7) | 0.773 |
| Smoking status | 137 (33.7) | 55 (24.7) | 0.930 |
| Family history: DM in first-degree relatives | 203 (57.8) | 84 (55.6) | 0.649 |
| Any comorbid macro and vascular conditions | 70 (17.3) | 52 (23.3) | 0.074 |
| Any major events | 44 (10.9) | 20 (9.0) | 0.494 |
| Hypoglycaemic agents | |||
| Sulfonylurea (SU) | 72 (17.7) | 58 (26.0) | 0.015† |
| Combination of SU and metformin | 334 (82.3) | 165 (74.0) | |
| Laboratory at enrolment | |||
| HbA1C (%) | 7.26±1.31 | 7.17±1.06 | 0.397 |
| FPG (mg/dL) | 143.7±44.0 | 141.8±40.4 | 0.600 |
| Serum creatinine (mg/dL) | 1.28±1.17 | 1.14±0.50 | 0.240 |
| LDL-cholesterol (mg/dL) | 96.4±33.3 | 100.8±31.8 | 0.244 |
| Triglycerides (mg/dL) | 145.0±78.4 | 158.6±98.8 | 0.297 |
| Urine albumin (mg/gCr) | 117.8±350.3 | 55.3±147.6 | 0.400 |
| Clinical measurements at enrolment | |||
| Body weight (kg) | 65.4±13.2 | 667.3±13.7 | 0.103 |
| Weight gain in previous 12 months (kg) | – | 1.52±1.28 | – |
| Waist circumference (cm) | 91.4±9.7 | 92.8±11.4 | 0.093 |
| Systolic blood pressure (mm Hg) | 133.9±16.5 | 137.7±17.7 | 0.007† |
| Diastolic blood pressure (mm Hg) | 74.2±10.1 | 74.5±10.2 | 0.708 |
*χ2 test or rank-sum test as appropriate for categorical variables and Independent t-test or Wilcoxon rank-sum test as appropriate for continuous variables.
†P value<0.05.
DM, diabetes mellitus; FPG, fasting plasma glucose; HbA1C, haemoglobin A1C; LDL, low-density lipoprotein.