Goal attainment (HbA1c <7% on the date of enrolment) by patients’ demographics, medical history, and laboratory and clinical measurements
| Variable | Number (%) or mean (SD) | *P value | |
| Goal not attained (n=345) | Goal attained (n=313) | ||
| Patient’s demographics and medical history | |||
| Female | 184 (54.1) | 146 (47.1) | 0.084 |
| Age (years) | 64.9±10.3 | 66.2±9.9 | 0.105 |
| Duration of DM (years) | 11.4±7.1 | 10.5±6.8 | 0.087 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 25.93±4.34 | 25.51±4.29 | 0.230 |
| Adherence to regular diabetic diet | 48 (14.0) | 38 (12.3) | 0.523 |
| Low sugar diet | 166 (49.0) | 163 (56.4) | 0.389 |
| Low calorie diet | 153 (45.4) | 151 (48.6) | 0.432 |
| No regular physical activity | 106 (30.8) | 113 (36.3) | 0.137 |
| Regular finger-stick glucose monitoring | 64 (18.6) | 50 (16.0) | 0.410 |
| Alcohol consumption | 82 (23.8) | 82 (26.3) | 0.365 |
| Smoking status | 112 (32.5) | 116 (37.1) | 0.220 |
| Family history: DM in first-degree relatives | 161 (54.8) | 159 (58.9) | 0.350 |
| Any comorbid macro and vascular conditions | 69 (20.1) | 68 (21.7) | 0.632 |
| Any major events | 40 (11.7) | 28 (9.0) | 0.305 |
| Hypoglycaemic agents | |||
| Sulfonylurea (SU) | 51 (14.8) | 87 (27.8) | <0.001† |
| Combination of SU and metformin | 294 (85.2) | 226 (72.2) | |
| Laboratory at enrolment | |||
| HbA1C (%) | 8.10±1.21 | 6.32±0.48 | <0.001† |
| FPG (mg/dL) | 160.2±46.8 | 125.4±29.8 | <0.001† |
| Serum creatinine (mg/dL) | 1.23±1.05 | 1.28±1.00 | 0.653 |
| LDL cholesterol (mg/dL) | 101.1±33.9 | 94.0±32.5 | 0.050 |
| Triglycerides (mg/dL) | 154.9±86.1 | 141.0±82.3 | 0.149 |
| Urine albumin (mg/gCr) | 91.0±187.1 | 90.7±342.2 | 0.996 |
| Clinical measurements at enrolment | |||
| Body weight (kg) | 66.1±13.2 | 66.1±13.3 | 0.991 |
| Weight gain in previous 12 months | 1.40±0.91 | 1.65±1.58 | 0.137 |
| Waist circumference (cm) | 92.0±10.5 | 91.8±10.7 | 0.844 |
| Systolic blood pressure (mm Hg) | 136.2±18.2 | 133.7±16.2 | 0.064 |
| Diastolic blood pressure (mm Hg) | 74.4±10.0 | 73.9±10.3 | 0.509 |
*χ2 test or rank-sum test as appropriate for categorical variables and independent t-test or Wilcoxon rank-sum test as appropriate for continuous variables.
†p value<0.05.
BMI, bidy mass index; DM, diabetes mellitus; FPG, fasting plasma glucose; HbA1C, haemoglobin A1c; LDL, low-density lipoprotein.