Factors | B | SE | Wald χ2 | P value | OR | 95% CI | |
BMI <28 kg/m2 | Sex | 0.168 | 0.290 | 0.334 | 0.563 | 1.183 | 0.670 to 2.089 |
Hypertension | 0.138 | 0.213 | 0.421 | 0.517 | 1.148 | 0.756 to 1.744 | |
Drinking history | −0.015 | 0.279 | 0.003 | 0.958 | 0.986 | 0.571 to 1.701 | |
HbA1c | 0.001 | 0.045 | 0.000 | 0.9983 | 1.001 | 0.917 to 1.093 | |
Family history of DM | −0.406 | 0.208 | 3.815 | 0.051 | 0.666 | 0.443 to 1.001 | |
Age (years) | 1.535 | 0.464 | |||||
<50 | – | – | – | – | 1 | – | |
50–60 | 0.071 | 0.279 | 0.065 | 0.799 | 1.074 | 0.621 to 1.856 | |
≥60 | −0.221 | 0.281 | 0.621 | 0.431 | 0.801 | 0.462 to 1.390 | |
Smoking status | 1.595 | 0.450 | |||||
Non-smoking | – | – | – | – | 1 | – | |
Light and moderate smoking | 0.380 | 0.328 | 1.345 | 0.246 | 1.463 | 0.769 to 2.781 | |
Heavy smoking | 0.342 | 0.321 | 1.136 | 0.286 | 1.408 | 0.751 to 2.640 | |
BMI ≥28 kg/m2 | Sex | 0.040 | 0.392 | 0.010 | 0.919 | 1.040 | 0.483 to 2.242 |
Hypertension | 0.400 | 0.318 | 1.578 | 0.209 | 1.492 | 0.799 to 2.784 | |
Drinking history | 0.593 | 0.384 | 2.378 | 0.123 | 1.809 | 0.852 to 3.842 | |
HbA1c | 0.000 | 0.071 | 0.000 | 0.995 | 1.000 | 0.869 to 1.150 | |
Family history of DM | 0.398 | 0.340 | 1.374 | 0.241 | 1.489 | 0.765 to 2.898 | |
Age (years) | 7.195 | 0.027 | |||||
<50 | – | – | – | – | 1 | – | |
50–60 | −0.149 | 0.358 | 0.173 | 0.678 | 0.862 | 0.427 to 1.739 | |
≥60 | −1.241 | 0.474 | 6.838 | 0.009 | 0.289 | 0.114 to 0.733 | |
Smoking status | 6.920 | 0.031 | |||||
Non-smoking | – | – | – | – | 1 | – | |
Light and moderate smoking | −0.330 | 0.435 | 0.573 | 0.449 | 0.719 | 0.306 to 1.688 | |
Heavy smoking | 0.797 | 0.404 | 3.884 | 0.049 | 2.219 | 1.004 to 4.903 |
BMI, body mass index; DM, diabetes mellitus; DR, diabetic retinopathy; HbA1c, haemoglobin A1c.