Baseline characteristics
| Characteristic | Diabetes with comorbid hypertension | Diabetes with comorbid hypertension and chronic ischaemic heart disease | Diabetes with comorbid osteoarthritis | Diabetes with comorbid osteoarthritis and major depression |
| Number of individuals | 273 592 | 141 947 | 255 214 | 2444 |
| Age in years, mean (SD) | 76.2 (7.18) | 77.4 (7.12) | 76.6 (7.24) | 75.7 (7.12) |
| Age in groups, n (%) (years) | ||||
| 65–74 | 127 469 (46.6) | 54 593 (38.4) | 112 046 (43.9) | 1194 (48.9) |
| 75–84 | 106 336 (38.9) | 61.883 (43.6) | 102 717 (40.2) | 906 (37.1) |
| 85–94 | 37 194 (13.6) | 23 950 (16.9) | 37 900 (14.9) | 333 (13.6) |
| 95+ | 2593 (0.9) | 1521 (1.1) | 2551 (1.0) | 11 (0.4) |
| Sex, n (%) | ||||
| Female | 154 565 (56.5) | 81 987 (57.8) | 139 951 (54.8) | 1545 (63.2) |
| Male | 119 027 (43.5) | 59 960 (42.2) | 115 263 (45.2) | 899 (36.8) |
| Number of drugs, mean (SD) | 10.6 (5.89) | 13.4 (6.52) | 12.1 (6.42) | 17.1 (7.6) |
| Number of drugs, n (%) | ||||
| ≤5 drugs | 48 210 (17.6) | 10 924 (7.7) | 33 768 (13.2) | 136 (5.7) |
| 6–10 drugs | 103 032 (37.7) | 39 583 (27.9) | 80 695 (31.6) | 433 (17.7) |
| ≥11 drugs | 122 350 (44.7) | 91 440 (64.4) | 140 751 (55.2) | 1875 (76.6) |
| Income quintiles, n (%) | ||||
| Q1 lowest income | 57 053 (21.7) | 29 478 (22.0) | 53 174 (21.6) | 589 (26.1) |
| Q2 | 58 237 (22.1) | 29 496 (22.0) | 53 884 (22.0) | 504 (22.3) |
| Q3 | 52 967 (20.1) | 26 765 (20.0) | 48 922 (20.0) | 414 (18.4) |
| Q4 | 50 668 (19.2) | 25 649 (19.1) | 47 143 (19.3) | 360 (15.0) |
| Q5 highest income | 44 653 (16.9) | 22 657 (16.9) | 41 855 (17.1) | 388 (17.2) |
| *RIO index, n (%) | ||||
| ≤40 (urban) | 214 443 (78.4) | 131 065 (92.3) | 237 312 (93.0) | 2293 (93.8) |
| >40 (rural) | 59 149 (21.6) | 10 882 (7.7) | 17,.902 (7.0) | 151 (6.2) |
| †Primary care models, n (%) | ||||
| Fee-for-service | 140 465 (68.3) | 120 557 (63.7) | 128 522 (69.2) | 1450 (67.8) |
| Capitated+ | 29 203 (14.2) | 26 685 (14.1) | 26 930 (14.5) | 297 (13.9) |
| Capitated | 35 990 (17.5) | 42 015 (22.2) | 30 273 (16.3) | 391 (18.3) |
| Comorbidities, n (%) | ||||
| 0 CC | 59 149 (21.6) | 15 859 (11.2) | 12 061 (4.7) | 77 (3.1) |
| 1 CC | 88 411 (32.3) | 33 105 (23.3) | 58 547 (22.9) | 335 (13.7) |
| 2 CC | 64 965 (23.7) | 34 350 (24.2) | 67 635 (26.5) | 495 (20.3) |
| 3 CC | 34 914 (12.8) | 26 547 (18.7) | 50 641 (19.8) | 490 (20.1) |
| 4 CC | 16 382 (6.0) | 16 972 (12.0) | 32 778 (12.8) | 428 (17.5) |
| 5 or more CC | 9771 (3.6) | 15 114 (10.7) | 33 552 (13.3) | 619 (25.3) |
| Number of primary care visits, mean (SD) | 6.1 (5.77) | 7.6 (6.99) | 7.34 (6.60) | 7.8 (7.4) |
| Duration of diabetes in years, mean (SD) | 9.90 (5.80) | 10.7 (6.02) | 10.0 (5.88) | 10.3 (6.01) |
| Duration of hypertension in years, mean (SD) | 13.1 (5.65) | 13.8 (5.44) | — | — |
| Duration of chronic ischaemic heart disease, mean (SD) | — | 7.13 (2.68) | — | — |
| Duration of osteoarthritis in years, mean (SD) | — | — | 7.17 (2.57) | 7.4 (2.61) |
| Duration of major depression, mean (SD) | — | — | — | 3.3 (1.62) |
*Geographic location (≤40=non-rural; >40=rural).
†Non-capitated models include non-rostered models and those that operate on a fee-for-service basis; capitated models include family health networks and family health organisations operating on a capitation funding scheme; and the capitated+models include family health teams and other rostered models operating on a capitated funding scheme with additional incentives for interdisciplinary care.
CC, comorbid condition; RIO, Rurality Index of Ontario.