Sociodemographic and injury-related information of identified cases with a confirmed mTBI diagnosis (n=351) and indeterminate mTBI diagnosis (n=180) who presented to ED
| Confirmed mTBI (WHO criteria) (n=351) | Indeterminate mTBI (secondary criteria) (n=180) | Statistical comparison | |
| N (%) | N (%) | P value* | |
| Sociodemographics | |||
| Age (years), mean (SD) (median, IQR) | 39.9 (14.2) (40.8, 26.5–52) | 36.1 (13.1) (34.7, 24.1–44.5) | <0.01 |
| Age groups (years) | |||
| 18–24 | 71 (20.2) | 52 (28.9) | 0.02 |
| 25–29 | 38 (10.8) | 15 (8.3) | 0.36 |
| 30–34 | 36 (10.3) | 26 (14.4) | 0.16 |
| 35–39 | 24 (6.8) | 19 (10.6) | 0.13 |
| 40–44 | 44 (12.5) | 24 (13.3) | 0.79 |
| 45–49 | 34 (9.7) | 12 (6.7) | 0.24 |
| 50–54 | 44 (12.5) | 9 (5) | <0.01 |
| 55–59 | 25 (7.1) | 11 (6.1) | 0.66 |
| 60–65 | 35 (10) | 12 (6.7) | 0.21 |
| Sex | <0.001 | ||
| Male | 254 (72.4) | 90 (50) | |
| Female | 97 (27.6) | 90 (50) | |
| Country of birth | 0.50 | ||
| Australia | 230 (65.5) | 113 (62.8) | |
| Other | 118 (33.6) | 66 (36.7) | |
| Language spoken at home | 0.11 | ||
| English | 334 (95.2) | 165 (91.7) | |
| Other | 17 (4.8) | 15 (8.3) | |
| Marital status | 0.11 | ||
| Married/defacto | 171 (48.7) | 83 (46.1) | |
| Other | 180 (51.3) | 97 (53.9) | |
| Mental health history† | 61 (17.4) | 23 (12.8) | 0.17 |
| Substance abuse history† | 36 (10.2) | 1 (0.5) | |
| Injury-related details | |||
| Injury mechanism | 0.35 | ||
| Fall | 137 (39) | 56 (31.1) | |
| Assault | 27 (7.7) | 14 (7.8) | |
| Work | 9 (2.6) | 7 (3.9) | |
| Sport | 52 (14.8) | 25 (13.9) | |
| Other | 27 (7.7) | 34 (18.9) | |
| Motor vehicle crash | 99 (28.2) | 44 (24.4) | <0.01 |
| Driver | 28 (28.3) | 15 (34.1) | |
| Passenger | 6 (6.1) | 6 (13.6) | |
| Motorbike rider | 8 (8.1) | 10 (22.7) | |
| Bicyclist | 44 (44.4) | 5 (11.4) | |
| Pedestrian | 10 (10.1) | 5 (11.4) | |
| Other | 3 (3) | 3 (6.8) | |
| Reported impact to the head | <0.001 | ||
| No | 2 (0.6) | 1 (0.5) | |
| Yes | 269 (76.6) | 164 (91.1) | |
| Missing | 80 (22.8) | 15 (8.3) | |
| Associated injury types† | |||
| Soft tissue laceration | 165 (47) | 55 (30.6) | <0.001 |
| Fracture | 87 (24.8) | 24 (13.3) | <0.01 |
| Ligamentous | 2 (0.6) | 2 (1.1) | 0.49 |
| Dislocation | 3 (0.8) | 0 | 0.21 |
| Abrasion, superficial wound, contusion | 158 (45) | 83 (46.1) | 0.81 |
| Multiple injury types | 105 (29.9) | 29 (16.1) | |
| Alcohol/drug use at the time of injury† | 127 (36.2) | 19 (10.6) | <0.001 |
The data contain occasional missing data values that are assumed to be random.
*χ2, z-test, t-test.
†Proportion of valid cases.
ED, emergency department; mTBI, mild traumatic brain injury.