Postenrolment mortality rate as number and percentage (%) of deaths and healthcare utilisation frequencies and charges, in 3-year postenrolment for patients right-sited to the FMC (Intervention group) and their matched controls (Control group)
| Intervention | Control | HR* (95% CI) | P value* | |
| N (%) | N (%) | |||
| 3-year mortality | 31 (4.50%) | 76 (11.10%) | 0.37 (0.25 to 0.57) | < 0.01 |
| Healthcare utilisation frequencies | Intervention | Control | Excess zero part | Non-excess zero part | ||
| (Zero-inflated)† | (Negative binomial)† | |||||
| Mean (SD) | Mean (SD) | OR (95% CI) | P value | IRR (95% CI) | P value | |
| Frontier FMC attendances | 11.25 (9.17) | – | – | – | – | |
| SOC attendances | 7.99 (9.45) | 4.52 | 1.23 (0.55 to 2.75) | 0.62 | 2.06 (1.79 to 2.37) | < 0.01 |
| Polyclinic attendances | 4.12 (7.6) | 6.61 | 1.09 (0.78 to 1.52) | 0.62 | 0.60 (0.52 to 0.70) | < 0.01 |
| Emergency department attendances | 1.21 (2.41) | 0.81 | 0.17 (0.03 to 0.94) | 0.04 | 1.12 (0.88 to 1.42) | 0.36 |
| Emergency admissions | 0.62 (1.61) | 0.44 | 0.51 (0.27 to 0.97) | 0.04 | 0.91 (0.63 to 1.30) | 0.6 |
| Non-day surgery inpatient admissions | 0.7 (1.74) | 0.47 | 0.49 (0.26 to 0.92) | 0.03 | 0.95 (0.67 to 1.35) | 0.79 |
| Non-day surgery inpatient admissions LOS | 4.03 (13.37) | 3.45 | 0.48 (0.32 to 0.72) | < 0.01 | 0.39 (0.26 to 0.58) | < 0.01 |
| All-cause admissions | 1.14 (2.21) | 0.66 | 0.81 (0.21 to 3.15) | 0.76 | 1.53 (1.13 to 2.08) | 0.01 |
| All-cause admissions LOS | 4.48 (13.48) | 3.64 | 0.11 (0.01 to 1.06) | 0.06 | 0.49 (0.35 to 0.70) | < 0.01 |
| Healthcare utilisation charges ($) | Intervention | Control | Zero part | Non-zero part | ||
| (First part—Probit)‡ | (Second part—Gamma)‡ | |||||
| Mean | Mean | ME (95% CI) | P value | MR (95% CI) | P value | |
| Frontier FMC attendance charges | 1466 (1614) | – | – | – | – | |
| SOC attendance charges | 1135 (1397) | 640 | 0.09 (0.04 to 0.13) | < 0.01 | 1.86 (1.63 to 2.12) | < 0.01 |
| Polyclinic attendance charges | 327 (698) | 650 | −0.06 (-0.12 to 0.00) | 0.04 | 0.51 (0.42 to 0.61) | < 0.01 |
| Emergency department attendance charges | 383 (782) | 241 | 0.11 (0.06 to 0.17) | < 0.01 | 1.18 (1.00 to 1.40) | 0.05 |
| Emergency admission charges | 3866 (11 408) | 3329 | 0.04 (0.00 to 0.08) | 0.07 | 0.88 (0.65 to 1.20) | 0.42 |
| Non-day surgery inpatient admission charges | 4747 (12 769) | 3550 | 0.05 (0.01 to 0.10) | 0.02 | 0.97 (0.73 to 1.28) | 0.83 |
| All-cause admission charges | 5335 (13 062) | 3780 | 0.10 (0.04 to 0.15) | < 0.01 | 1.05 (0.79 to 1.40) | 0.72 |
The HR, along with its 95% CI and p value, are presented for the mortality rate. The OR or ME and the IRR or MR are presented for the zero and non-zero parts of the models for healthcare utilisation frequencies and charges, along with their 95% CIs and p values. Significant p values are bolded, and colour-coded, with red indicating HR>1, OR<1, ME<0, IRR>1 or MR>1 and green indicating HR<1, OR>1, ME>0, IRR<1 or MR<1.
*Adjusted for propensity score.
†Adjusted for pre-enrolment healthcare utilisation frequencies, propensity score and survival days (or follow-up time).
‡Adjusted for pre-enrolment healthcare utilisation charges, propensity score and survival days (or follow-up time).
CI, confidence interval; FMC, family medicine clinic; HR, hazard ratio; IRR, incidence rate ratio;LOS, length of stay; ME, marginal effects; MR, mean ratio;OR, odds ratio; SD, standard deviation; SOS, specialist outpatient clinic.