Demographic and clinical characteristics for housing types
| Homeless participant group (HPG) n=62 N/mean (% or SD) | Sociotherapeutic facilities participant group (SPG) n=87 N/mean (% or SD) | Apartment participant group (APG) n=327 N/mean (% or SD) | Statistics | |
| Demographic characteristics | ||||
| Female*† | 15 (24.2%) | 35 (40.2%) | 152 (46.6%) | X²=10.96; p=0.004 |
| Age in years‡ | 38.3 (±13.1) | 42.3 (±16.1) | 44.8 (±14.5) | F**=5.52; p=0.004 |
| Disorder-related characteristics | ||||
| Age of first psychiatric outpatient treatment§ | 25.4 (±11.0) | 25.6 (±12.1) | 32.5 (±14.3) | X²=12.29; p=0.002 |
| Age of first psychiatric inpatient treatment§ | 23.9 (±9.3) | 26.3 (±12.7) | 34.5 (±14.8) | X²=23.90; p<0.001 |
| Age of first psychiatric medication§ | 24.2 (±10.0) | 25.3 (±10.1) | 32.7 (±13.9) | X²=21.89; p<0.001 |
| Time difference between first psychiatric medication and first inpatient or outpatient treatment | 0.8 (±5.6) | 1.3 (±5.3) | 0.9 (±5.8) | X²=2.35; p=0.309 |
| Suicide attempt in history | 16 (32.0%) | 27 (32.9%) | 79 (25.7%) | X²=2.17; p=0.338 |
| Number of suicide attempts (median Q1–Q3) | 1.5 (1.0–3.0) | 1.0 (1.0–3.5) | 2.0 (1.0–3.0) | X²=0.13; p=0.938 |
| Characteristics of hospital stay | ||||
| Length of stay in days§ (median Q1–Q3) | 18 (8–43) | 21 (11–46) | 35 (17–64) | X²=24.37; p<0.001 |
| Readmission 6 months prior to the interview† | 21 (33.9%) | 36 (41.4%) | 77 (23.5%) | X²=11.96; p=0.003 |
| Number of readmissions 6 months prior to the interview¶ (median Q1–Q3) | 1 (1–2) | 1 (1–2) | 1 (1–2) | X²=0.36; p=0837 |
| Compulsory admission | 8 (12.9%) | 6 (6.9%) | 28 (8.6%) | X²=1.71; p=0.425 |
| Compulsory hospitalisation | 11 (17.7%) | 11 (12.6%) | 43 (13.1%) | X²=1.03; p=0.599 |
| Number of psychiatric disorders (excluding nicotine addiction) | 1.5 (±0.6) | 1.5 (±0.6) | 1.5 (±0.6) | X²=1.25; p=0.536 |
| Psychiatric disorders according to ICD-10 | ||||
| Organic mental disorders | 1 (1.6%) | 7 (8.0%) | 14 (4.3%) | X²=3.67; p=0.159 |
| Mental and behavioural disorders due to psychoactive substance use (excluding nicotine)† | 46 (74.2%) | 52 (62.1%) | 153 (46.8%) | X²=19.12; p<0.001 |
| Schizophrenia, schizotypal and delusional disorders | 18 (29.0%) | 21 (24.1%) | 67 (20.5%) | X²=2.41; p=0.299 |
| Affective disorders† | 9 (14.5%) | 9 (10.3%) | 110 (33.6%) | X²=24.52; p<0.001 |
| Neurotic, stress-related and somatoform disorders | 8 (12.9%) | 7 (8.0%) | 54 (16.5%) | X²=4.12; p=0.127 |
| Behavioural syndromes associated with physiological disturbances and physical factors | 1 (1.6%) | 0 (0.0%) | 8 (2.4%) | X²=2.25; p=0.325 |
| Personality disorders | 9 (14.5%) | 25 (28.7%) | 63 (19.3%) | X²=5.31; p=0.070 |
| Mental retardation† | 1 (1.6%) | 6 (6.9%) | 3 (0.9%) | X²=12.03; p=0.002 |
| Disorders of psychological development | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 1 (0.3%) | X²=0.46; p=0.796 |
| Behavioural and emotional disorders with onset usually occurring in childhood and adolescence | 0 (0.0%) | 1 (1.1%) | 2 (0.6%) | X²=0.77; p=0.681 |
*One transgender person in APG.
†Significant group difference.
‡Significant group difference between APG and HPG after using Scheffe’s method.
§Significant group difference after Mann-Whitney test and after adjusted alpha level by Bonferroni’s method=α/3 (p level=0.016) between the HPG and APG and SPG and APG, no significant group difference between HPG and SPG.
¶Significant group difference after Mann-Whitney test and after adjusted alpha level by Bonferroni’s method=α/3 (p level=0.016) between SPG and APG.
**Analysis of variance.