Group | N | I2 (95% CI) | AUC (95% CI) | Sensitivity (95% CI) | Specificity (95% CI) | PLR (95% CI) | NLR (95% CI) | DOR (95% CI) |
All studies | 28 | 98 (97 to 99) | 0.88 (0.85 to 0.90) | 0.85 (0.81 to 0.90) | 0.74 (0.64 to 0.81) | 3.2 (2.3 to 4.4) | 0.20 (0.15 to 0.26) | 16 (10 to 27) |
Time interval | ||||||||
≤24 hour | 4 | 95 (90 to 99) | 0.94 (0.92 to 0.96) | 0.88 (0.73 to 0.95) | 0.90 (0.53 to 0.99) | 8.9 (1.5 to 54.5) | 0.13 (0.06 to 0.29) | 68 (13 to 348) |
≤48 hour* | 7 | 95 (90 to 99) | 0.94 (0.91 to 0.95) | 0.88 (0.81 to 0.93) | 0.89 (0.71 to 0.96) | 7.8 (2.8 to 21.3) | 0.13 (0.09 to 0.21) | 59 (23 to 148) |
≤72 hour† | 9 | 94 (89 to 99) | 0.91 (0.89 to 0.93) | 0.87 (0.82 to 0.91) | 0.83 (0.65 to 0.93) | 5.2 (2.4 to 11.2) | 0.15 (0.11 to 0.21) | 34 (14 to 82) |
≤1 week | 13 | 93 (87 to 99) | 0.91 (0.88 to 0.93) | 0.87 (0.84 to 0.90) | 0.80 (0.68 to 0.88) | 4.3 (2.7 to 6.9) | 0.16 (0.12 to 0.21) | 27 (15 to 48) |
>1 week | 10 | 97 (95 to 99) | 0.82 (0.78 to 0.85) | 0.85 (0.73 to 0.92) | 0.60 (0.40 to 0.77) | 2.1 (1.3 to 3.4) | 0.25 (0.14 to 0.45) | 9 (4 to 21) |
Unclear | 5 | 82 (63 to 100) | 0.85 (0.810.88) | 0.79 (0.63 to 0.99) | 0.76 (0.61 to 0.87) | 3.4 (1.9 to 5.9) | 0.27 (0.15 to 0.51) | 12 (5 to 33) |
Population disease | ||||||||
Cardiac diseases | 6 | 94 (89 to 99) | 0.90 (0.87 to 0.92) | 0.90 (0.86 to 0.93) | 0.67 (0.29 to 0.91) | 2.7 (0.9 to 8.1) | 0.15 (0.08 to 0.30) | 18 (3 to 95) |
Lung diseases | 8 | 90 (81 to 100) | 0.73 (0.69 to 9.77) | 0.81 (0.70 to 0.88) | 0.61 (0.53 to 0.69) | 2.1 (1.8 to 2.4) | 0.32 (0.21 to 0.48) | 7 (4 to 10) |
Multiple diseases‡ | 6 | 93 (87 to 99) | 0.90 (0.87 to 0.92) | 0.89 (0.84 to 0.92) | 0.70 (0.40 to 0.89) | 3.0 (1.3 to 7.1) | 0.16 (0.11 to 0.23) | 19 (6 to 60) |
Unclear§ | 8 | 88 (77 to 100) | 0.88 (0/85 to 0.90) | 0.80 (0.64 to 0.90) | 0.85 (0.80 to 0.89) | 5.3 (4.0 to 7.0) | 0.23 (0.12 to 0.45) | 23 (10 to 51) |
Published year | ||||||||
≥2010 | 15 | 97 (95 to 99) | 0.89 (0.86 to 0.91) | 0.87 (0.81 to 0.91) | 0.74 (0.62 to 0.83) | 3.3 (2.3 to 4.9) | 0.18 (0.13 to 0.25) | 19 (11 to 13) |
<2010 | 13 | 96 (93 to 99) | 0.86 (0.83 to 0.89) | 0.84 (0.74 to 0.90) | 0.73 (0.56 to 0.85) | 3.1 (1.8 to 5.3) | 0.22 (0.14 to 0.37) | 14 (6 to 33) |
Study design | ||||||||
Prospective | 15 | 97 (95 to 99) | 0.90 (0.87 to 0.92) | 0.86 (0.77 to 0.91) | 0.79 (0.69 to 0.87) | 4.2 (2.7 to 6.4) | 0.18 (0.11 to 0.28) | 23 (12 to 45) |
Retrospective | 13 | 96 (92 to 99) | 0.86 (0.83 to 0.89) | 0.86 (0.80 to 0.90) | 0.65 (0.49 to 0.78) | 2.5 (1.6 to 3.7) | 0.22 (0.15 to 0.32) | 11 (6 to 22) |
TTE threshold | ||||||||
SPAP ≥40 mm Hg | 8 | 96 (93 to 99) | 0.80 (0.76 to 0.83) | 0.84 (0.75 to 0.91) | 0.52 (0.31 to 0.71) | 1.7 (1.2 to 2.5) | 0.30 (0.21 to 0.44) | 6 (3 to 11) |
SPAP ≥35 mm Hg | 4 | 76 (47 to 100) | 0.92 (0.890.94) | 0.92 (0.88 to 0.94) | 0.65 (0.43 to 0.83) | 2.6 (1.4 to 4.9) | 0.13 (0.08 to 0.22) | 16 (9 to 28) |
TRPG | 4 | 0 (0 to 100) | 0.85 (0.82 to 0.88) | 0.75 (0.58 to 0.86) | 0.81 (0.70 to 0.89) | 4.0 (2.2 to 7.3) | 0.31 (0.17 to 0.57) | 13 (4 to 40) |
*Studies with time intervals less than or equal to 24 hours were included in this subgroup.
†Studies with time intervals less than or equal to 24 hours and 48 hours were included in this subgroup.
‡Studies including a variety of diseases, including heart disease and lung disease.
§Diseases were not specifically identified in the studies (transplant candidates).
AUC, area under the curve; DOR, diagnostic OR; NLR, negative likelihood ratio; PLR, positive likelihood ratio; SPAP, systolic pulmonary artery pressure; TRPG, tricuspid regurgitation pressure gradient; TTE, transthoracic echocardiography.