Characteristics of patients with AMI | All | Women | Men | χ2 (p value) | |||
n 15 069 | % 100 | n 3673 | % 24.4 | n 11 396 | % 75.6 | ||
Sociodemographic characteristics* | |||||||
Age (years)† | |||||||
25–45 | 1401 | 9.3 | 335 | 9.1 | 1066 | 9.4 | 15.1 (<0.001) |
46–55 | 4739 | 31.5 | 1065 | 29.0 | 3674 | 32.2 | |
56–64 | 8929 | 59.3 | 2273 | 61.9 | 6656 | 58.4 | |
Education (years)†‡ | |||||||
Compulsory (≤9) | 4474 | 29.7 | 1040 | 28.3 | 3434 | 30.1 | 9.9 (<0.01) |
High school (10–12) | 7435 | 49.3 | 1895 | 51.6 | 5540 | 48.6 | |
University (>12) | 3160 | 21.0 | 738 | 20.1 | 2422 | 21.3 | |
Country of birth†§ | |||||||
Sweden | 12 085 | 80.2 | 2991 | 81.4 | 9094 | 79.8 | 86.4 (<0.001) |
Other Nordic countries | 860 | 5.7 | 282 | 7.7 | 578 | 5.1 | |
Europe (except Nordic countries) | 440 | 2.9 | 116 | 3.2 | 324 | 2.8 | |
Non-European countries | 1684 | 11.2 | 284 | 7.7 | 1400 | 12.3 | |
Type of living area†¶ | |||||||
Big cities | 4566 | 30.3 | 1052 | 28.6 | 3514 | 30.8 | 6.5 (<0.05) |
Medium-sized cities | 5347 | 35.5 | 1344 | 36.6 | 4003 | 35.1 | |
Small towns/villages | 5156 | 34.2 | 1277 | 34.8 | 3879 | 34.0 | |
Family situation†** | |||||||
Married†† living without children | 4880 | 32.4 | 1342 | 36.5 | 3538 | 31.1 | 235.8 (<0.001) |
Married†† living with children | 4000 | 26.5 | 728 | 19.8 | 3272 | 28.7 | |
Single‡‡ living without children | 5386 | 35.7 | 1271 | 34.6 | 4115 | 36.1 | |
Single‡‡ living with children | 803 | 5.3 | 332 | 9.0 | 471 | 4.1 | |
Labour market marginalisation characteristics | |||||||
Trajectory groups of SA/DP† from 3 years before up to inclusion | |||||||
Low increasing | 8048 | 53.4 | 1345 | 36.6 | 6703 | 58.8 | 705.4 (<0.001) |
Low constant | 2714 | 18.0 | 709 | 19.3 | 2005 | 17.6 | |
Middle increasing | 1420 | 9.4 | 455 | 12.4 | 965 | 8.5 | |
High decreasing | 794 | 5.3 | 331 | 9.0 | 463 | 4.1 | |
High constant | 2093 | 13.9 | 833 | 22.7 | 1260 | 11.1 | |
Unemployment† in the year before inclusion | |||||||
No unemployment | 13 799 | 91.6 | 3420 | 93.1 | 10 379 | 91.1 | 15.0 (<0.001) |
1–180 days | 852 | 5.7 | 171 | 4.7 | 681 | 6.0 | |
>180 days | 418 | 2.8 | 82 | 2.2 | 336 | 3.0 | |
AMI-related characteristics | |||||||
Type of infarction†§§ at inclusion | |||||||
STEMI**** | 5260 | 34.9 | 1058 | 28.8 | 4202 | 36.9 | 84.7 (<0.001) |
Non-STEMI†††† | 6704 | 44.5 | 1832 | 49.9 | 4872 | 42.8 | |
Unspecified | 3105 | 20.6 | 783 | 21.3 | 2322 | 20.4 | |
Coronary revascularisation characteristics†††† at inclusion | |||||||
Percutaneous coronary intervention | 10 364 | 68.8 | 2100 | 57.2 | 8264 | 72.5 | 353.9 (<0.001) |
Coronary artery bypass grafting | 336 | 2.2 | 59 | 1.6 | 277 | 2.4 | |
Others | 4369 | 29.0 | 1514 | 41.2 | 2855 | 25.1 | |
Comorbidity characteristics§§ | |||||||
Somatic comorbidities‡‡‡ from 3 years before up to inclusion | |||||||
Musculoskeletal disorders† | 2299 | 15.3 | 741 | 20.2 | 1558 | 13.7 | 90.9 (<0.001) |
Diabetes mellitus†§§§ | 2529 | 16.8 | 675 | 18.4 | 1854 | 16.3 | 8.8 (<0.01) |
Renal insufficiency | 248 | 1.7 | 70 | 1.9 | 178 | 1.6 | 2.0 (0.15) |
Hypertension† | 5110 | 33.9 | 1365 | 37.2 | 3745 | 32.9 | 22.9 (<0.001) |
Stroke | 199 | 1.3 | 54 | 1.5 | 145 | 1.3 | 0.8 (0.36) |
Cancer† | 933 | 6.2 | 303 | 8.3 | 630 | 5.5 | 35.4 (<0.001) |
Other somatic disorders† | 10 107 | 67.1 | 2722 | 74.1 | 7385 | 64.8 | 108.9 (<0.001) |
Mental comorbidities | |||||||
Common mental disorders†‡‡‡ from 3 years before up to inclusion | 791 | 5.3 | 287 | 7.8 | 504 | 4.4 | 64.2 (<0.001) |
Other mental disorders‡‡‡ from 3 years before up to inclusion | 1331 | 8.8 | 328 | 8.9 | 1003 | 8.8 | 0.1 (0.81) |
Psychiatric medication†¶¶¶ in the year before inclusion | 3231 | 21.4 | 1299 | 35.4 | 1932 | 16.7 | 559.1 (<0.001) |
Reinfarction and all-cause mortality during first year after AMI | |||||||
Reinfarction | 5310 | 35.2 | 1276 | 34.7 | 4034 | 35.4 | 0.5 (0.47) |
All-cause mortality† | 666 | 4.4 | 191 | 5.2 | 475 | 4.2 | 7.0 (<0.01) |
*Measured on 31 December of the year preceding AMI.
†Significant sex differences.
‡Missing data are considered compulsory education.
§Missing data are considered non-European countries.
¶Type of living area: big cities (Stockholm, Gothenburg and Malmö), medium-sized cities (cities with more than 90 000 inhabitants within 30 km distance from the centre of the city), small cities/villages/rural.
**Missing data are considered single living without children.
††Married includes all living with partner; cohabitant.
‡‡Single includes divorced, separated or widowed.
§§See Materials and methods section for the International Classification of Diseases, version 10 codes or the Anatomic Therapeutic Chemical classification system codes.
¶¶STEMI.
***N-STEMI.
†††See Materials and methods section for the Classification of Surgical Procedures.
‡‡‡Measured by main or side diagnosis in inpatient or specialised outpatient care.
§§§Additionally measured by prescribed antidiabetic medication.
¶¶¶Measured by antidepressants, anxiolytics and sedatives.
****STEMI: ST-elevation myocardial infarction.
††††Non-STEMI: Non-ST-elevation myocardial infarction.
AMI, acute myocardial infarction; DP, disability pension; N-STEMI, non-ST-elevation myocardial infarction; SA, sickness absence; STEMI, ST-elevation myocardial infarction.