Association between severity of depressive symptoms and chronic knee pain
| Model 1 | Model 2 | Model 3 | ||||
| OR (95% CI) | P value | OR (95% CI) | P value | OR (95% CI) | P value | |
| Diagnosis of depressive symptoms | ||||||
| No | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||
| Yes | 3.553 (2.558 to 4.935) | <0.0001 | 2.722 (1.844 to 4.017) | <0.0001 | 2.333 (1.605 to 3.391) | <0.0001 |
| Levels of depressive symptom | ||||||
| None (0–4) | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||
| Mild (5–9) | 3.715 (2.687 to 5.138) | <0.0001 | 3.266 (2.35 to 4.541) | <0.0001 | 2.944 (2.112 to 4.103) | <0.0001 |
| Moderate (10–14) | 4.525 (2.964 to 6.909) | <0.0001 | 3.619 (2.233 to 5.865) | <0.0001 | 3.211 (1.977 to 5.217) | <0.0001 |
| Moderately severe (15–19) | 4.124 (2.256 to 7.539) | <0.0001 | 2.805 (1.553 to 5.066) | 0.0007 | 2.43 (1.355 to 4.359) | 0.0031 |
| Severe (20–27) | 6.93 (2.519 to 19.068) | 0.0002 | 5.109 (1.606 to 16.257) | 0.006 | 4.552 (1.489 to 13.92) | 0.0082 |
| P value for trend | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | |||
Logistic regression analysis with complex sampling design was performed by adjusting for covariates. Individuals with PHQ-9 scores >10 were considered to have depressive symptoms. Levels of depressive symptom were divided into five quartiles: none (0–4), mild (5–9), moderate (10–14), moderately severe (15–19) and severe (20–27) according to the PHQ-9 score. Model 1 was unadjusted ORs. Model 2 was adjusted by age and sex. Model 3 was fully adjusted by age, sex and other environmental factors, such as smoking, alcohol consumption, educational level, household income, physical activity, duration of sleep and comorbidities.
PHQ-9, Patient Health Questionnaire-9.