High burnout outcomes associated with sleep duration and sleepiness in police (n=3140)
| Sleep characteristics, n*† | Positive result in police with high burnout, no./no. total (%) | Unadjusted | Adjusted‡ | |||
| OR (95% CI) | P value | OR (95% CI) | P value | |||
| High EE | Low–moderate EE | |||||
| Sleep duration | ||||||
| ≥6 hours per night | 371/654 (56.7) | 1334/1956 (68.2) | ||||
| <6 hours per night | 283/654 (43.3) | 622/1956 (31.8) | 1.64 (1.36 to 1.96) | <0.001 | 1.60 (1.33 to 1.93) | <0.001 |
| N | 2610 | |||||
| Sleepiness | ||||||
| <11 ESS | 451/714 (63.2) | 1652/2158 (76.6) | ||||
| ≥11 ESS | 263/714 (36.8) | 506/2158 (23.4) | 1.90 (1.59 to 2.28) | <0.001 | 1.81 (1.50 to 2.18) | <0.001 |
| N | 2872 | |||||
| High DP | Low–moderate DP | |||||
| Sleep duration | ||||||
| ≥6 hours per night | 755/1206 (62.6) | 989/1469 (67.3) | ||||
| <6 hours per night | 451/1206 (37.4) | 480/1469 (32.7) | 1.23 (1.05 to 1.44) | 0.011 | 1.13 (0.96 to 1.33) | 0.151 |
| N | 2675 | |||||
| Sleepiness | ||||||
| <11 ESS | 875/1286 (68.0) | 1267/1639 (77.3) | ||||
| ≥11 ESS | 411/1286 (32.0) | 372/1639 (22.7) | 1.60 (1.38 to 1.89) | <0.001 | 1.48 (1.23 to 1.78) | <0.001 |
| N | 2925 | |||||
| Low PA | Moderate–high PA | |||||
| Sleep duration | ||||||
| ≥6 hours per night | 670/1077 (62.2) | 1024/1524 (67.2) | ||||
| <6 hours per night | 407/1077 (37.8) | 500/1524 (32.8) | 1.24 (1.06 to 1.46) | 0.009 | 1.24 (1.05 to 1.47) | 0.011 |
| N | 2601 | |||||
| Sleepiness | ||||||
| <11 ESS | 867/1224 (70.8) | 1213/1627 (74.6) | ||||
| ≥11 ESS | 357/1224 (29.2) | 414/1627 (25.4) | 1.21 (1.02 to 1.43) | 0.027 | 1.18 (0.99 to 1.41) | 0.061 |
| N | 2851 | |||||
| Overall burnout | No overall burnout | |||||
| Sleep duration | ||||||
| ≥6 hours per night | 279/491 (56.8) | 1497/2238 (66.9) | ||||
| <6 hours per night | 212/491 (43.2) | 741/2238 (33.1) | 1.54 (1.26 to 1.87) | <0.001 | 1.49 (1.21 to 1.82) | <0.001 |
| N | 2729 | |||||
| Sleepiness | ||||||
| <11 ESS | 338/532 (63.5) | 1852/2464 (75.2) | ||||
| ≥11 ESS | 194/532 (36.5) | 612/2464 (24.8) | 1.74 (1.42 to 2.12) | <0.001 | 1.72 (1.41 to 2.11) | <0.001 |
| N | 2996 | |||||
*The n presented represents the sample for each unadjusted analysis. The n for the adjusted analyses are in online supplementary file 1, table S6.
†Some participants did not provide sufficient information from which to determine their sleep duration and sleepiness. The n presented are from those who answered sufficiently.
‡Adjusted for age, BMI, gender, marital status, hypertension, cigarette use, caffeine use, alcohol use, second job, primary activity, years as police officer, exercise frequency and seniority. Variables included in each model are in online supplementary file 1, table S6, and model fit is reported in online supplementary file 1, table S7.
BMI, body mass index; DP, depersonalisation; EE, emotional exhaustion; ESS, Epworth Sleepiness Scale; PA, personal accomplishment.