Citizens’ prevalence of homelessness over lifetime, 5 years or past-year (weighted study population)
| Prevalence | All (n (%))* | 95% CI | Countries | ||||||||
| FR (n(%)) | IR (n (%)) | IT (n (%)) | NL (n (%)) | PL (n (%)) | PT (n (%)) | SE (n (%)) | SP (n (%)) | P value† | |||
| Lifetime prevalence‡ | < 0.001 | ||||||||||
| Yes | 263 (4.96) | 4.39 to 5.59 | 12 (1.9) | 11 (1.7) | 35 (5.4) | 31 (4.5) | 21 (3.1) | 31 (4.6) | 42 (6.2) | 80 (12.6) | |
| No | 5026 (94.86) | 94.29 to 95.50 | 611 (97.9) | 663 (98.2) | 614 (94.1) | 660 (95.2) | 651 (96.9) | 645 (95.4) | 626 (93.6) | 555 (87.3) | |
| DK/R | 9 (0.18) | 0.09 to 0.35 | 1 (0.1) | 1 (0.2) | 3 (0.5) | 2 (0.3) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 1 (0.2) | 1 (0.1) | |
| Five-year prevalence§ | < 0.001 | ||||||||||
| Yes | 102 (1.92) | 1.57 to 2.33 | 7 (1.0) | 2 (0.4) | 15 (2.3) | 8 (1.1) | 5 (0.7) | 4 (0.6) | 21 (3.1) | 40 (6.2) | |
| No | 5171 (97.60) | 97.21 to 98.05 | 617 (98.9) | 671 (99.2) | 629 (96.5) | 684 (98.6) | 667 (99.2) | 663 (98.1) | 645 (96.4) | 595 (93.6) | |
| DK/R | 26 (0.49) | 0.32 to 0.72 | 1 (0.1) | 3 (0.4) | 7 (1.1) | 2 (0.3) | 0 (0) | 9 (1.3) | 3 (0.5) | 1 (0.1) | |
| One-year prevalence§ | < 0.001 | ||||||||||
| Yes | 37 (0.71) | 0.51 to 0.98 | 5 (0.7) | 2 (0.4) | 7 (1.17) | 1 (0.2) | 2 (0.2) | 0 (0) | 7 (1.0) | 13 (2.0) | |
| No | 5235 (98.81) | 98.54 to 99.13 | 618 (99.1) | 671 (99.2) | 637 (97.7) | 691 (99.5) | 670 (99.7) | 667 (98.7) | 659 (98.5) | 622 (97.8) | |
| DK/R | 26 (0.49) | 0.32 to 0.72 | 0.5 (0.1) | 3 (0.4) | 7 (1.1) | 2 (0.3) | 0 (0) | 9 (1.3) | 3 (0.5) | 1 (0.5) | |
Satistically significant associations are reported in bold
*The sum may be over 5295 because of weights.
†GLMs using a quasi-binomial distribution and based on a cluster and weighted design (‘Survey’ Package in R).
‡The following question was used, after having defined homelessness as sleeping in the street, in a car or living in an emergency or temporary shelter: ‘So, have you ever been homeless?’.
§The following question was used: ‘When was it?’ with the following answer categories: 1 ‘In the past 12 months’. 2 ‘1–2 years ago’. 3 ‘3–4 years ago’. 4 ‘4–5 years ago’. 5 ‘More than 5 years ago’. 6 ‘DK’. 7 ‘R’. Responses were subsequently classified as either ‘1-year’ or ‘5-year’ prevalence.
DK/R, don’t know or refusal to answer; FR, France;GLMs, generalised linear models; IR, Ireland; IT, Italy; NL, Netherlands; PL, Poland; PT, Portugal; SE, Sweden; SP, Spain.