Multivariable associations of prehospital predictors with outcomes
| ROSC prior to hospital arrival | 1-month survival rate | Neurologically favourable outcome | |
| Adjusted OR (95% CI) | Adjusted OR (95% CI) | Adjusted OR (95% CI) | |
| Primary exposure | |||
| Presence of physician | 2.69 (1.73 to 4.19) | 2.60 (1.41 to 4.78) | 3.44 (1.64 to 7.23) |
| Absence of physician | 1 (reference) | 1 (reference) | 1 (reference) |
| Covariates | |||
| Age | 2.03 (1.39 to 2.97) | 2.90 (1.68 to 5.01) | 5.70 (2.81 to 11.58) |
| Sex | 1.03 (0.70 to 1.52) | 0.79 (0.46 to 1.39) | 0.70 (0.36 to 1.38) |
| Dispatcher instruction | 1.34 (0.88 to 2.05) | 0.93 (0.52 to 1.65) | 0.87 (0.44 to 1.73) |
| Bystander CPR | 0.67 (0.43 to 1.02) | 1.28 (0.71 to 2.31) | 1.41 (0.69 to 2.87) |
| Bystander AED | 1.72 (0.67 to 4.44) | 2.12 (0.66 to 6.85) | 2.80 (0.78 to 10.02) |
| Cardiac origin | 1.07 (0.71 to 1.60) | 4.73 (2.28 to 9.81) | 4.87 (2.00 to 11.86) |
| Shockable rhythm | 3.94 (2.53 to 6.13) | 8.39 (4.69 to 15.00) | 7.87 (3.82 to 16.21) |
| Response time | 0.93 (0.88 to 0.99) | 0.93 (0.86 to 1.01) | 0.95 (0.87 to 1.04) |
| Intravenous fluids | 1.30 (0.80 to 2.12) | 1.07 (0.56 to 2.03) | 0.76 (0.36 to 1.60) |
| Epinephrine administration | 0.53 (0.34 to 0.83) | 0.18 (0.09 to 0.33) | 0.08 (0.04 to 0.17) |
| Advanced airway management | 0.38 (0.19 to 0.74) | 0.12 (0.05 to 0.28) | 0.09 (0.04 to 0.24) |
AED, automated external defibrillator; CPR, cardiopulmonary resuscitation; ROSC, return of spontaneous circulation.