Age- and sex-adjusted characteristics of subjects at baseline examination
Degree of proteinuria | p for ANOVA/ ANCOVA | ||||||||
− (n=5180) | ± (n=289) | + (n=197) | ≥2+ (n=33) | ||||||
Mean | SE | Mean | SE | Mean | SE | Mean | SE | ||
Age (years) | 37.9 | 0.1 | 35.8 | 0.5 | 38.3 | 0.6 | 38.7 | 1.5 | <0.01 |
Men (%) | 88.6 | 85.8 | 91.9 | 81.8 | 0.12 | ||||
Body mass index (kg/m2) | 22.9 | 0.0 | 22.8 | 0.2 | 23.6 | 0.2 | 25.1 | 0.6 | <0.01 |
Systolic blood pressure (mm Hg) | 115.3 | 0.2 | 113.7 | 0.8 | 117.7 | 0.9 | 121.4 | 2.2 | <0.01 |
Diastolic blood pressure (mm Hg) | 70.9 | 0.1 | 70.1 | 0.6 | 73.3 | 0.7 | 75.0 | 1.7 | <0.01 |
Medication for hypertension (%) | 2.9 | 4.1 | 6.4 | 27.0 | <0.01 | ||||
HbA1c (NGSP) (%) | 5.3 | 0.0 | 5.3 | 0.0 | 5.4 | 0.0 | 5.7 | 0.1 | <0.01 |
Medication for diabetes mellitus (%) | 1.0 | 0.2 | 3.0 | 9.0 | <0.01 | ||||
Creatinine (mg/dL) | 0.8 | 0.0 | 0.8 | 0.0 | 0.8 | 0.0 | 1.3 | 0.0 | <0.01 |
Current smoker (%) | 72.0 | 74.6 | 79.0 | 79.1 | 0.07 | ||||
History of noisy work environment 2008–2016 (%) | 14.2 | 12.7 | 11.1 | 19.4 | 0.35 | ||||
Number of hearing impairment at 1 kHz | 39 | 2 | 2 | 1 | – | ||||
Number of hearing impairment at 4 kHz | 113 | 5 | 7 | 4 | – | ||||
Number of hearing impairment at 1 and/or 4 kHz | 143 | 6 | 8 | 5 | – |
ANCOVA, analysis of covariance; ANOVA, analysis of variance; HbA1c, haemoglobin A1c; NGSP, National Glycohemoglobin Standardization Program.