Table 1

Sociodemographic characteristics of Indigenous women from Chittagong Hill Tracts, Bangladesh, who accessed at least one maternal healthcare service (MHC) for last delivery

Variable	Participants accessed at least one MHC services in last pregnancy & delivery (n=258)		Participants did not access any MHC services in last pregnancy & delivery (n=180)		Pearson’s Chi-Square test
Variable	n	%*	n	%*	χ²	df	p-value
Place of residence (subdistrict)
Matiranga	166	64.3	159	88.3
Khagrachhari Sadar	92	35.7	21	11.7	31.9	1	<0.001
Age (years)
16–24	108	41.9	107	59.4
25–30	96	37.2	50	27.8
Above 30	54	20.9	23	12.8	13.5	2	0.001
Ethnicity
Chakma	133	51.6	87	48.3
Marma	72	27.9	28	15.6
Tripura	53	20.5	65	36.1	16.8	2	<0.001
Language
Changma	133	51.6	87	48.3
Marma	72	27.9	28	15.6
Kokborok	53	20.5	65	36.1	16.8	2	<0.001
Religion
Buddhist	205	79.5	115	63.9
Sonatoni/Hindu	53	20.5	65	36.1	13.1	1	<0.001
Participants’ school attendance
Did not attend – Primary	80	31	125	69.4
Junior – Secondary	114	44.2	54	30
Higher Secondary & above	64	24.8	1	0.6	81	2	<0.001
School attendance of partners
Did not attend – Primary	83	32.2	112	62.2
Junior – Secondary	106	41.1	63	35
Higher Secondary & above	69	26.7	5	2.8	58.6	2	<0.001
Occupation
Complete housewife	145	56.2	69	38.3
Involved in income generation	113	43.8	111	61.7	13.4	1	<0.001
Occupation of partner
Daily labour/Farmer	111	43	110	61.1
Service holder (govt/non-govt)	99	38.4	60	33.3
Business	48	18.6	10	5.6	21.3	2	<0.001
Monthly Household income (BDT)
4000–9000	82	31.8	116	64.4
10 000–19000	66	25.6	45	25
20 000 and above	110	42.6	19	10.6	62.1	2	<0.001
Knowledge about any nearest facility
Yes	242	93.8	128	71.1
No	16	6.2	52	28.9	41.6	1	<0.001
Knowledge of type of nearest healthcare facilities
Did not know any	16	6.2	52	28.9
Community-based facility	81	31.4	74	41.1
Government hospitals	61	23.6	45	25
Private clinic	100	38.8	9	5	86.6	3	<0.001
Age during first pregnancy in years
Became pregnant before 20^th birthday	141	54.7	143	79.4
Became pregnant after 20^th birthday	117	45.3	37	20.6	28.6	1	<0.001
Any media access for MHC information
Yes	80	31	6	3.3
No	178	69	174	96.7	51.5	1	<0.001
Negative pregnancy outcome †
Yes	53	20.5	60	33.3
No	205	79.5	120	66.7	9.1	1	0.003
Number of total pregnancies
1–2 pregnancies	199	77.1	111	61.7
3 & above pregnancies	59	22.9	69	38.3	12.3	1	<0.001
Number of deliveries in last 3 years
1	229	88.8	142	78.9
2	29	11.2	38	21.1	7.9	1	0.005
Knowledge on pregnancy-related complications
Yes	91	35.3	24	13.3
No	167	64.7	156	86.7	26.4	1	<0.001
Pregnancy-complications experienced during last pregnancy
Yes	175	67.8	100	55.6
No	83	32.2	80	44.4	6.8	1	0.01
Pregnancy complications experienced last time (according to severity)
No problems reported	83	32.2	80	44.4
Mild	94	36.4	49	27.2
Moderate	10	3.9	7	3.9
Severe	71	27.5	44	24.5	7.4	3	0.06

*Column percentages.
†Negative pregnancy outcomes=pregnancy that resulted in miscarriage/abortion/stillbirth/live birth but the child died <1 month.
BDT, Bangladeshi Taka.