Number and percentage of all referrals (n=52) that use each type of evidence for each purpose
| Type of evidence | Usage* | ||||||
| Mechanism, (%) | PK/PD, (%) | Efficacy, (%) | Risk—overall, (%) | Risk—subgroup, (%) | Usage of product, (%) | Effectiveness of risk minimisation measures, (%) | |
| Preclinical evidence | 16 (31) | 6 (12) | 2 (4) | 10 (19) | 1 (2) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) |
| Non-randomised trials | 1 (2) | 10 (19) | 18 (35) | 14 (27) | 2 (4) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) |
| Randomised trials | 3 (6) | 9 (17) | 40 (77 | 36 (69) | 7 (13) | 0 (0) | 1 (2) |
| Non-interventional | 3 (6) | 4 (8) | 18 (35) | 31 (60) | 5 (10) | 14 (27) | 0 (0) |
| Non-interventional using routinely collected data | 0 (0) | 1 (2) | 8 (15) | 25 (48) | 4 (8) | 10 (19) | 0 (0) |
| Non-interventional using data collected for research | 2 (4) | 4 (8) | 13 (25) | 20 (38) | 3 (6) | 7 (13) | 0 (0) |
| Spontaneous reports | 2 (4) | 0 (0) | 3 (6) | 37 (71) | 6 (12) | 4 (8) | 0 (0) |
| Systematic review of randomised trials | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 19 (37) | 10 (19) | 1 (2) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) |
| Systematic review of non-interventional studies | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 4 (8) | 1 (2) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) |
| Systematic review of randomised trials and non-interventional studies | 0 (0) | 1 (2) | 2 (4) | 4 (8) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) |
| Unclear study design | 1 (2) | 8 (15) | 12 (23) | 10 (19) | 0 (0) | 1 (2) | 0 (0) |
| Legend | |
| Percentage of referrals that use evidence type for each purpose | Colour |
| <10 | |
| 10–19 | |
| 20–29 | |
| 30–39 | |
| 40+ |
*Usage was categorised, as detailed in the table, into: mechanism of adverse event with product usage, PK/PD of product, efficacy of product, risk of adverse events with product, risk of adverse events with product in a subpopulation, usage/misuse of a product and effectiveness of regulatory risk minimisation measures.
PK/PD, pharmacokinetics/pharmacodynamic.